State of African Americans in the United States Early 1900's Essay

State of African Americans in the United States Early 1900's - Essay Example The Afro-Americans political experience can be explained by social injustices and liberals which forsake other elements of its past liberal which Dunn (1998) explains that it is what made America what it has become today. For example, labor movements, Roosevelt’s trust busting, and Johnson Great Society, as well as other civil studies that took place in America back in 1920. Looking back at Afro-American history, it becomes obvious that its social issues drove the electorate of the country through out the 20th century. However, the most important thing to understand is that the social issues shifted to various forms of parties and because of these, the country’s social electorate changed its economic platform. Some of them were slaves who served in rich white men land. However, historical figures like Washington educational legacy helped transform the condition of Afro-Americans in the twenty first century, and transformed them into liberal thinking and conservative bla ck towards their economic success. Mathew (2006) asserts that Washington was a supporter of Afro-Americans education, who helped broaden their minds to a culture that included classics and Latin exploration. He had planned for their education in order to ensure that they had economic success and status. The legal rights in the South have changed over the past 30 years, especially from the time of Civil war to today. For example, the social conservatism helped in shaping American politics. Washington and Fonvielle helped the Afro-Americans in changing their legal rights by advocating for equal rights to each American citizen (Rubel, 2005). This kind of proclamation emancipation helped the African Americans to unite with the army in order to make a rapid progress like the white soldiers. The army tried to change the mind of their citizens as well as influence the legislative in terms of their legal rights. Additionally, from the time of civil war to today, Democratic Party was seen as a party of South. The party having being termed as common-man’ party, it is said to have favored the working class in terms of economic matters (Rubel, 2005).The south was therefore, a democratic region, but when it shifted its gear to republican, the economic implications changed. This is because, when blacks got the right to vote, they voted for the Republican Party because of Lincoln who was reconstructing the South at the time. They also wanted both economic and social change, for example, capitalism. and liberalism. The significance of the recent movement of Afro-Americans from South to North showed that there is free movement of people from one place to another, Rubel (2005). After the civil war, the South were still farmers, where the Democratic Party represented them. The movement of the South to North was mostly to escape from the slavery bonds and therefore, decided to move to the Free states. This was as a result of the Abolitionists like Washington’s and F rontier advocacy who were working underground to guide the Afro-Americans into freedom. However, during the reconstruction, America struggled to free the slaves and assimilate them into local and national communities, at the same time minimize those citizens who were not willing to help the African- Americans. The Washington, Frontiers and other supporters of

Personal Statement for college admission Essay Example for Free

Personal Statement for college admission Essay Every man has the capacity to make a difference in this world. The way to do it is by believing that all dreams can turn into reality. It also comes along with the choices that we make and the determination to work out in reaching the top. My name is (insert your name here) and I wish to continue my education in the field of Nursing at the Queens University. I have been interested in this field and I believe that by acquiring such degree, I can be of great service to people in the society. Being admitted in this university will make my dreams more attainable. I will be studying in a credible institution that recruits only the best and finest student. Moreover, this university is composed of wide array of educational resources and armed with excellent professors that will hone my expertise as a promising professional. After the said program I can go on and continue my life with full confidence because I have the necessary knowledge that can benefit other people. I will render the best service that I can so that whenever I will get recognize; it will also pay tribute to my Alma Matter. My experiences and academic standings have surpassed those of others. Looking back, I am a Technical Sgt in the USAF Delaware Air National Guard. My 8 years of service there granted me the award of being the Airman of the Quarter in 2005. The said award is for my outstanding performance as a Medical Material Specialist and at the same time doing volunteer works in Operation Enduring Freedom deployment. Aside from the aforementioned recognition I am also proud to say that I made it to dean’s list every semester because of my exemplary performance and dedication on my attendance at Delaware State University. I am a hardworking person especially when it comes to my personal and academic life. All of my achievements made me decide to attend medical school for two straight years. While I am studying as a medical student, I came to realize that my true calling is in the field of nursing. I believe that choosing to study at Queens University is one great choice because I can continue and pursue my career goals with an institution that produces nursing experts and professionals. The field of Nursing is the field that I can say as my cup of tea. I am willing to take all the risk because I am confident that I can succeed in reaching my dreams. I have the right mindset and I am determined to surpass every training and lectures that professors at Queen University will give me. I am an optimistic person who treats challenges as opportunities for me to grow. The rigorous training that I will go through will aloe me to learn more about myself, the nursing profession and how to be more disciplined in the field that I have divulged in. Life is really precious and we have to live on purpose. I realized that everyday spent is important may it be personally or academically. I should learn to give ways to others and render the best nursing service right after graduation. My quest for education will not stop after I graduated, I will find ways of sharing what I have learned to others and contribute for the benefit of healthcare in the society. By doing so, I would be able to show the world that nothing is impossible when a person puts dedication, heart and soul in everything we do. Pursuing a Nursing degree will help me build up an in-depth knowledge in most areas of medical healthcare and gain broader perspectives. I am confident that my academic journey at Queens University will prepare me for my future profession. I will learn fundamentals of nursing and more complicated subjects about it. I will also learn how to work more efficiently, overcome struggles and bring the best service to my patients. I believe that I can do everything as long as the determination is here in my heart. I am persistent enough that through my chosen field and academe, I can succeed and contribute in making this world a better place to live in.

November Rain :: English Literature Essays

November Rain I pass a shop display and view my reflection in the glass-a well built man of thirty with a tanned complexion, dark eyes and hair. I seem to have a certain charm and grace that can-and does-go down very well with the ladies. I open the door, pull out the chair, buy the drinks and surprise them with gifts. I stay at their flats after a night out; I leave my belongings there. You could say that I’m just a bachelor with a lust for living-if I wasn’t married. I’ve been married ten years and it feels like 40. It was great at first-nights out in clubs, at parties, flirting, teasing and loving each other, or at least touching each other. We had no children to hold us down and a whole world of fun to experience. Then, it stopped. I can’t remember when, where or how. What I know is that for ten years I’ve been bound to this woman and all the practices of such a colourful marriage have been tried and are jaded; the feelings no longer evident. She is abrupt with her answers and retorts for the most part and otherwise silent, so we both have seemed to have taken our own practices elsewhere, fallen into another person’s arms and experience the same feelings anew. I walk on by, get into my shining convertible (which is now speckled with signs of yet more rain) and speed away. I step into the hall of my home in Chicago, Illinois, and into the kitchen. Rain cascades down the windowpane, such has been the case for much of Novmber. There is a plate of spaghetti Bolognese waiting right on the counter for me. I heat it up, and take it to my study, letting the aroma waft right past my nose. Turning on the stereo, I settle back in my leather, over-cushioned armchair with a long, relaxed sigh. The stereo always starts on Classic Rock radio station. Hard rock, that’s what I love best. I open the Wall Street Journal, sub-consciously listening to the music in the background. Bliss. â€Å"Blackwater shares have†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Music in background): â€Å"When I look into your eyes, I can see a love restrained, but darlin’ when I hold you, don’t you know I feel the same†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦I look up to see the source of this slightly familiar song: â€Å"November Rain† by Guns N’ Roses. â€Å"†¦both know hearts can change, and it’s hard to hold a candle in the cold November rain†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 

Tribal Ressetlement

Displacement, rehabilitation and resettlement of tribal from Indian's protected areas Table of Contents Problem Statement: 1 Relevance/ Rationale: Methodology: 2 Findings: 2 Conclusion:3 Bibliography 3 Problem Statement: To identify the Issues related to displacement, rehabilitation and resettlement of tribal from Indian's protected areas. Relevance/ Rationale: Conflicting claims over natural resources have always been there, whether between man and other species, or among men.With the advent of Industrialization and the burgeoning population, the forests of India are faced with immense pressure, which ranchers to its inhabitants, both human and wild. To safeguard the dimming biodiversity of India, Protected areas have been made, and many tribal who reside in these areas are relocated to areas outside the parks. The tribal have been living in forest and mountainous regions, with in the close proximity of nature. The economy of the tribal has been primarily hunting-foraging and shifti ng cultivation.More than of the tribal, to a large extant depend on forests and forests resources for their livelihood. The scheduled tribes have been facing many socio-economic and psychological problems since historical times. The forest laws have curtailed the free movement of tribal In forest regions. The tribal rights on the forest lands have severely affected. Slightly cultivation (Condo Pod) has been regulated by restrictions on the use of forests. Use of Minor Forest Produces (Maps) by tribal has been reduced to a large extent.Exploitation by money lenders and contractors, problems of credit and market for Minor Forest Produces (Maps), poverty, hunger, malnutrition and impoverishment are the important evils, which the tribal have been facing since long time (Miser, 2000). Land alienation and displacement are the major problems, which eave been haunting, most of the tribal groups. Most of the tribal groups have virtually reached a state of total collapse and seem to be fighti ng a grim battle for survival. The occurrence of tribal revolts for land rights In different parts of the country Is Its testimony.The large scale land transfers to non-tribal culminated In armed tribal uprisings In the late 19th and early 20th centuries. British administration In India Introduced several legislations to prevent tribal land alienation. In order to ensure that the customary rights of the tribal on land are protected, the Agency Tracts Interest and Land Transfer Act (ATILT) were remunerated in 1 ). While there exists a National Rehabilitation Policy, many relocated tribal face issues ranging from discomforts to fatalities.Given the low levels of awareness among tribal residing in protected areas, there is also a chance that many requirements are not met, even because of their being unaware of their rights. It is in this context that we intend to research the issues in resettlement and rehabilitation, covering pre- relocation, post resettlement, and the process in betw een, to see what issues may exist. Methodology: Study Site: Childcare – Tassel, Amalgamate. It is a Scheduled Area and main resident of rear are Koru-a Scheduled Tribe. Koru is the predominant tribe in the region .Their dialect is Koru but Hindi is also commonly spoken among them. The major part of Amalgamate region is covered with Tiger Reserve (buffer zone) and the reserve forest. Data for this assignment was collected in both primary and secondary methods. Primary data was collected prior to the assignment during December 2012. Secondary data was collected mainly through use of the internet, from papers and articles published online, as well as from Journals that were accessed online. Primary data was collected during December 2012.The data collected is mainly in the forms of photographs of the settlement, including amenities provided in the newly established villages, and an unstructured interview of a few affected people which was photographed. The persons to be intervie wed were selected based on Judgment sampling, where we went beyond the main road of the village where the authorities took us to, and interviewed persons living in the homes in the nearby lanes. Due to unfamiliarity with the people's customs, we took along with us a local who showed us other homes.Four families were represented in the interview by members who were available, out of 200 families in the village. Figure 1: Photograph taken at study site Findings: Multiple issues were identified in the course of this assignment, including: * The displaced tribal and other weaker sections are getting normalized. * These people are not skilled they don't find any employment in urban set-up, and they are forced to occupations like rag picking, rickshaw pulling and even bonded labor. As the tribal are illiterate and innocent, they are exploited by the traders and non-tribal in most cases. Most often they take loans from traders and non-tribal and remain indebted. * Lack of general sanitatio n in the new settlement. * Increased mortality rate in the village (as reported by the affected people) – The toll of malaria in Amalgamate is very high. Due to this malaria impact the general vitality of people is very low and people also fall prey to pneumonia, bronchitis and other disease.All these clubbed together known as Amalgamate fever (Kandahar, 2004). * Lack of healthcare facilities, which were provided to them before relocation. * Lack of proximity to modern amenities. * Lack of proximity or access to NTP as well as medicinal plants. Low levels of awareness of financial planning has led to bad investments by people, leaving many people with no option but to be daily wage laborers. * Lack of proximity to schools. Lack of care at government hospitals meaner the people visit private hospitals, and as a result have difficulties paying for treatment, often depleting their savings, which including the 10 lake rupee compensation which is their only solid security Disturbe d social structure as number of family members over 18 years is the criterion for deciding compensation, leading to dissatisfaction among those with argue land holdings in the forest. * Cost of agricultural land is very high in the new location, so the pursuit of agriculture is difficult, as their compensation does not match the high cost. Malnutrition – shortage of food supplies and lack of medical facilities by the concerned departments. * The locals were charged for relocation costs, which very significantly high, given that they were relocated with their homes. Conclusion: There exists a significant gap between policy and requirement, and also between policy and implementation. Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) policies at he National and State Levels, though are expected to safeguard the interests of the displaced persons, they are not practiced in the right spirit.Rehabilitation apart from depriving them of their lands, livelihoods and resource-base, displacement ha s other traumatic psychological and socio-cultural consequences. It is a slow and continuous process, which requires an organized effort over a period of time. There should be more emphasis on improved communication, it results in a more effective grievance redressed process from the perspective of local people, which in turn ensures that robbers in the rehabilitation process are addressed before they become too serious.

Newton Second Law of Motion Essay

According to newton’s second law of motion, Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass is, the grater the acceleration is needed to move forward. This law basically states that a force applied to the objects changes its velocity overtime in the direction of the force that is applied, the acceleration is directly proportional to the force, as an example, if pushing on an object, causing it to accelerate, and then you push, the same object three times harder, the acceleration will be three times greater and the acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass of an object, if you push equally on two objects, and one of the objects has five times more mass than the other, it will accelerate at one fifth of the object. SUV’s have the greater mass than the car. So SUV’s need more force than light car to move forward in the direction the force is applied, we can say that SUV’s need more force to act than a car, for example driving an SUV and light car at the same velocity, the force needed for car would be less than the SUV and the car would run faster than a suv as it need less force than an SUV. SUV requires more fuel than a normal car. A Car could run faster than an SUV and it even requires less fuel. Therefore, the more mass the object has, it requires more force to make it move forward and to act on it. Newton’s second law of motion states that the heavier objects require more force to get them moving but smaller objects or lighter objects require less force to actually get them moving. The formula that is used is force equals mass times acceleration. For example if you throw a 5lb weight stone and a 2lb weight with the same amount of force the 2lbs weight will travel faster than the 5lbs weight, That is because there is less mass to be moved, A truck hits a car and allows the car to move forward. The truck provides the force and the car’s mass, and the acceleration is how quickly the car (mass) moves forward. The larger and heavier the car mass is, the more force it takes to move forward. If the car has very less mass it move’s forward quicker than the car with more mass. Thus, we can say that more people would prefer a car than a SUV’s because of it’s mass and fuel efficiency that is required which is very less in consumption in a car than compared to SUV’s.

Free Essays on Kennedy & Nixon

KENNEDY AND NIXON BY CHRISTOPHER MATTHEWS REACTION PAPER I see don’t see the book as a bias but the author is always having something good about the both presidents. The author is just trying to talk about two guys who were once buddies then all of a sudden rivalries in politics, and that they both revolutionized the post war America. I have read some other books about Kennedy and they have explained how careless he was in his high school years, and how he never thought of politics and also how he behaved like a screwed up rich kid in his college years. The author never admitted about this but he at least talked about how charming he was and how every girls liked him. I agreed with the author when he explained how easily Kennedy got a chance to run in congress in the Democratic Party by his father who was a rich man and he gave the campaign money to make his son run for the Congress. Nixon was not rich like Kennedy but he was very lucky that he got a call from one of his friends asking him to run for the republican party. During Nixon’s run in the Campaign, his family was broke and had to leave their house in California. I see the author trying to explain the difference between these two former presidents, the author views Nixon as a hard working man that never gives up and has always something to look for and was not really popular much before becoming a president, and Kennedy is a charm, bright young man who does not work as hard as Nixon and also probably not as smart as Nixon might be, but he was a guy who is always popular and gets a lot attention from people, especially women. The one aspect of this book that really impressed me was the detail the author put into describing the campaign strategies of each man. I don’t find this author as a bias because he actually describes it pretty well and is not totally one sided with his statements. The author does an exemplary job of showin... Free Essays on Kennedy & Nixon Free Essays on Kennedy & Nixon KENNEDY AND NIXON BY CHRISTOPHER MATTHEWS REACTION PAPER I see don’t see the book as a bias but the author is always having something good about the both presidents. The author is just trying to talk about two guys who were once buddies then all of a sudden rivalries in politics, and that they both revolutionized the post war America. I have read some other books about Kennedy and they have explained how careless he was in his high school years, and how he never thought of politics and also how he behaved like a screwed up rich kid in his college years. The author never admitted about this but he at least talked about how charming he was and how every girls liked him. I agreed with the author when he explained how easily Kennedy got a chance to run in congress in the Democratic Party by his father who was a rich man and he gave the campaign money to make his son run for the Congress. Nixon was not rich like Kennedy but he was very lucky that he got a call from one of his friends asking him to run for the republican party. During Nixon’s run in the Campaign, his family was broke and had to leave their house in California. I see the author trying to explain the difference between these two former presidents, the author views Nixon as a hard working man that never gives up and has always something to look for and was not really popular much before becoming a president, and Kennedy is a charm, bright young man who does not work as hard as Nixon and also probably not as smart as Nixon might be, but he was a guy who is always popular and gets a lot attention from people, especially women. The one aspect of this book that really impressed me was the detail the author put into describing the campaign strategies of each man. I don’t find this author as a bias because he actually describes it pretty well and is not totally one sided with his statements. The author does an exemplary job of showin...

Free Essays on Urbanization

Population and Urbanization Population is the number of individuals living in a certain area in a certain time which is the target group to be studied. Whereas, Urbanization is the process in which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities which is totally influenced by the culture. Both Population and Urbanization are related terms and are the global issue of study right now. The term Demography helps to understand it clearly which is the study of size, composition, growth and distribution of population. The world population of human being is increasing rapidly in geometrically ratio and the food supply is increasing arithmetically, which is explained by the Malthus theorem. Let us consider some facts about population growth. It took all of recorded history until 1830 for world population to reach one billion; by 1930 we were at two billion; by 1960, three billion; 1975, four billion; 1986, five billion; and in 1999 we crossed the six billion mark. The world population grew at an annual rate of 1.4% between 1990 and 2000. The least industrialized nations are growing about 16 times faster than industrialized nations, which is 1.6% a year compared to 0.1%. This is critical condition which shows the population is mushrooming in least industrialized Nations, and hardly growing in at all in most industrialized nations. The population of least industrialized nations is increasing because of illiteracy, children are viewed as gifts from God, they cost little to rear, and also they represent the parent social security. The food for each individual is higher than it was before like around 1950s, because of improved variety of seed and fertilizers for agriculture. There is ample amount of food for the world’s growing population for next 30 years, so the main issues arises here why people are dying of starvation, which is paradox for all of us! The main reason for this is drought, civil war and unequal distribution of food... Free Essays on Urbanization Free Essays on Urbanization Population and Urbanization Population is the number of individuals living in a certain area in a certain time which is the target group to be studied. Whereas, Urbanization is the process in which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities which is totally influenced by the culture. Both Population and Urbanization are related terms and are the global issue of study right now. The term Demography helps to understand it clearly which is the study of size, composition, growth and distribution of population. The world population of human being is increasing rapidly in geometrically ratio and the food supply is increasing arithmetically, which is explained by the Malthus theorem. Let us consider some facts about population growth. It took all of recorded history until 1830 for world population to reach one billion; by 1930 we were at two billion; by 1960, three billion; 1975, four billion; 1986, five billion; and in 1999 we crossed the six billion mark. The world population grew at an annual rate of 1.4% between 1990 and 2000. The least industrialized nations are growing about 16 times faster than industrialized nations, which is 1.6% a year compared to 0.1%. This is critical condition which shows the population is mushrooming in least industrialized Nations, and hardly growing in at all in most industrialized nations. The population of least industrialized nations is increasing because of illiteracy, children are viewed as gifts from God, they cost little to rear, and also they represent the parent social security. The food for each individual is higher than it was before like around 1950s, because of improved variety of seed and fertilizers for agriculture. There is ample amount of food for the world’s growing population for next 30 years, so the main issues arises here why people are dying of starvation, which is paradox for all of us! The main reason for this is drought, civil war and unequal distribution of food...

Chemical Definition - Chemistry Glossary

Chemical Definition - Chemistry Glossary There are two definitions of the word chemical as the term is used in chemistry and common usage: Chemical Definition (adjective) As an adjective, the term chemical indicates a relationship to chemistry or to the interaction between substances. Used in a sentence: She studied chemical reactions.They determined the chemical composition of the soil. Chemical  Definition (noun) Everything which has mass is a chemical. Anything consisting of matter is a chemical. Any liquid, solid, gas. A chemical includes any pure substance; any mixture. Because this definition of a chemical is so broad, most people consider a pure substance (element or compound) to be a chemical, particularly if it is prepared in a laboratory. Examples of Chemicals Examples of things which are chemicals or consist of them include  water, pencil, air, carpet, light bulb, copper, bubbles, baking soda, and salt. Of these examples, water, copper, baking soda, and salt are pure substances (elements or chemical compounds. A pencil, air, carpet, a light bulb, and bubbles consist of multiple chemicals. Examples of things which are not chemicals include light, heat, and emotions.

Alcoholism as a Social Problem Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Alcoholism as a Social Problem - Assignment Example An alcoholic renders his or her family socially isolated from the larger society. The social ills of alcohol in society confirm why menace is a social problem. People who are not connected to the alcoholic are affected by an alcoholic’s action problem increase rate of workplace absenteeism and impairs productivity. Risky sexual activity, violence, crime, and automobile accidents happen due to alcoholism. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2015) indicates that the prevalence of drinking in the United States in 2013 reached 86.8percent for persons aged 18 years and older. Binge and heavy drinking are the common forms of alcohol the inking that people of 18 years or older preferred. Heavy drinking leads to alcohol dependence and abuse and is responsible for 6.8 percent in the United States. National Institute of Health reveals that alcohol use disorders affect adults and youth who seek treatment and rehabilitative on from the problem in specialized facilities. At least 16.6 million adolescents have reported or found to have alcohol problems. Not only does alcohol lead to health disorders but also leads to deaths in American society. It is estimated that 88,000 people die from alcohol-related causes every year. Alcoholism has become a third preventable cause of death in the United States. NIAAA argues that misuse of alcohol has cost the U.S at least $223 billion since 2006 despite being a problem that can be prevented need. The global burden increases daily with alcoholism become ming responsible for 200 diseases and health conditions. Gifford (2009) argues that cancers, injuries, and liver cirrhosis have become prevalent in society.

MA205- Elementary Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

MA205- Elementary Statistics - Essay Example e as the central theoremn states that if there is a large number of independent and identiacally distributed random variable, then the distribution of their sum tend to be normally distributed as the number of these variables increase indefinitely therefore the distribution does not have to normally distributed. (c) A sample of 100 taken , probability will be between 198 and 220 Z = mean - X/ standard deviation 198=> 198 - 211/ 9 = -1.444 Z = 0.07493 220 => 220 - 211/ 9 = 1 Z= 0.15865 Area between the two Z points Prob. = 1- (0.07493+0.15865) Prob. = 0.76642 Unit test three 1. 99 %Mean = 2 Standard deviation = 10 SD= SD/ (N)1/2 2. 160 infants Mean = 5.98 SD= 3.5 95% confidence level = (5.98 -( 3.5 X 1.6) X (5.98 +( 3.5 X 1.6) = 95% = 0.38 X 11.58 = 95% 3. (a) Paralyzed (48.0 - (8.1 X 1.04) X (48.0 + (8.1 X 1.04) = 98% (39.576) X (56.424) = 98% None polarized (56.7 - (8.1 X 1.04 ) X (56.7 + (8.1 X1.04 ) = 98% (48.276) X (65.124) = 98% (b) Conclusion The two confidence intervals are different; therefore there is a difference in the two means. 4. (a) Type I: when we reject the null hypothesis when it should be accepted. (b) Type II: when we do not reject the null hypothesis when it should be rejected. (c) Z= 2.33 P value is 0.4901 5. (a) null hypothesis H0 : U Ha : U = 15 (b) t= 0.6107 P value = 0.7269 T critical is greater therefore we accept the null hypothesis 6. (a) H0: U Ha: U =22000 (b) (c) t calculated = 21819/ 1295 = 16.84 T critical = 1.29 T critical is less than T calculated therefore we reject the null hypothesis (d) Because we have rejected the null hypothesis it is still true to state that the tires last 22000 miles... T critical is greater than T calculated so we accept the null hypothesis that the change as a result of training is equal to zero, therefore the training makes some positive change towards those who are mentally retarded.

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 26

Case Study Example As one with potential background in the human resource, I think I have to integrate the idea or the involvement of actual concepts in the HR policies and the sophisticated knowledge on how to resolve human resource-related conflicts, particularly on the ground of consideration of individual interests. One issue is the actual concern of the validity of the policies involved in the HR department, from the start until at present. There seems to be a significant change in this policy and this is a remarkable issue that needs to be closely considered, because it also concerns potential individual interests, both from the point of view of the employee and the firm. Another important issue is the legality of the prevailing action performed or initiated by the new HR management. This leads further to the actual issue of finding resolution for this issue, in order to ensure both parties are at least meeting half way. There is an actual conflict of interests as depicted in the main problem of the case. On the part of the HR department, the interest is in favor of the company, and on the side of the employee, the interest is in finding how he could substantially be compensated with his actual service and qualification. These are common interests within an organisation that employs human resource for profitable gain on the part of the company and on the part of the employee. On the part of the HR department, it seeks to implement policy that will substantially cover the need of the company to control or cut cost and even ensure profit. This is not usually the actual case among employees, as showcased in the case of John Cooley. He wants to be compensated fairly, as based on the previous policy implemented and his prevailing actual qualification in the company. There are other important things that the case showed. One of them is the issue of the actual leadership of the new HR management. This is integrated with how she substantially implements policy in a way that

Business Model Innovation Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Business Model Innovation - Dissertation Example Dawnay and Shah states seven principles for policy-makers around Behavioural Economics as follows: "1.- Other people's behaviour matters: People do many things by observing others and copying; people are encouraged to continue to do things when they feel other people approve of their behaviour. 2.- Habits are important: People do many things without consciously thinking about them. These habits are hard to change -even though people might want to change that behaviour, it is not easy for them. 3.- People are motivated to 'do the right thing': There are cases where money is de-motivating as it undermines people's intrinsic motivation, for example, you would quickly stop inviting friends to dinner if they insisted on paying you. 4.- People's self-expectations influence how they behave: They want their actions to be in line with their values and their commitments. 5.- People are loss-averse and hang on what they consider 'theirs'. 6.- People are bad at computation when making decisions: They put undue weight on recent events and too little on far-off ones; they cannot calculate probabilities well and worry too much about unlikely events; and they are strongly influenced by how the problem/information is presented to them. 7.- People need to feel involved and effective to make a change: Just giving people the incentives and information is not necessarily enough." (Dawnay and Shah, 2005). Looking for rational explanations about how the markets work is a widespread concern of many business agents. Yahoo! is not the exception. PCWelt.de (2006) reports the following trends in the research efforts of this Internet giant: "Yahoo Inc. is researching areas such as... Governments and societies that bet on the market system become more materially prosperous and technologically powerful. The lesson usually drawn from this economic success story is that in the overwhelming majority of cases the best thing the government can do for the economy is to set the background rules - define property rights, set up honest courts, perhaps rearrange the distribution of income, impose minor taxes and subsidies to compensate for well-defined and narrowly-specified "market failures" - but otherwise the government should leave the market system alone†. Following their logic about prices in a competitive marketplace, they argue along the next lines of thinking: â€Å"The main argument for the market system is the dual role played by prices. On the one hand, prices serve to ration demand: anyone unwilling to pay the market price does not get the good. On the other hand, price serves to elicit production: any organization that can make a good, or provides a service, for less than its market price has a powerful financial incentive to do so. What is produced goes to those who value it the most. What is produced is made by the organizations that can make it the cheapest. And what is produced is whatever the ultimate users value the most.† (Bradford DeLong & Michael Froomkin, 2000). Bradford Delong and Michael Froomkin favor early movers and adopters in the market, especially in the highly competitive business environment that the world driven by technological innovations of today is experiencing.

Hotel Quality Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hotel Quality Management - Research Paper Example Customers who request for a room change spend several minutes before they are reallocated another room. This has proven to be ineffective to customers and hotel departments. Other room services such as newspaper delivery and baggage storage also require improvements. Most of the processes that take place in the hotel are done manually, and there is minimal use of technology. Guests have to call for transport at the check-out time since there are no prior arrangements or contracts with transport companies. These activities and processes compromise the quality of services offered by the hotel, and may drive away some customers. Automating the check-in and check-out process would greatly improve the hotel services. A quality system empowers workers at several levels in the hotel in order to establish guest service expectations and device the best way to meet or exceed these expectations. An online check-in system would prove effective in providing quality system. This would help custome rs conduct booking processes via the internet and make payments online. Currently, the hotel uses a manual identification process, which involves checking identification documents. A computerized check-in process would enable hotel attendants verify the identity of customers automatically. Online services can also conduct room changes before they check-in to the hotel. Room change processes usually consume a lot of time before the new room is prepared. Conducting these requests before the guests check-in would save the amount of time spent. The check-out process is also conducted manually by checking the identification of the customer and retrieving customer accommodation information manually. Guests have to line up at the front desk to clear from the hotel. A computerized system would automate the confirmation process, and guests could check-out of their room without lining up at the front desk. Guests are presented with their bill at the front desk, which increases the amount of t ime spent. An efficient system would enable guests receive their bills before leaving their rooms. The hotel does not conduct a customer satisfaction survey about their services. Collecting customer feedback would enable the hotel improve different areas of their services, which did not please the customers. A guest email service would facilitate the collection of customer feedback and assist the hotel management to process the collected data. The core of quality management is to steer the business towards an improved performance. It has three main components, which include quality assurance, quality control, and quality improvement. Consistent quality is achieved by not only improving the condition of services, but also by improving the processes (Jones and Lockwood, 2004). This involves eliminating or minimizing defects present at the business processes and type of services offered. Customer and investor satisfaction are directly linked to the quality of services provided in the h otel. A hotel quality system would reduce competition from other hotels with the help of benchmarking. The hotel would have a mechanism of measuring the degree of customer needs and expectations through the customer feedback system. The hotel would then match these expectations and needs against the perceived quality. Automating the

Week3 Ethical Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week3 Ethical Decision Making - Essay Example They are victims of office gossip because they were being talked about behind their backs by their other co-workers. Their reputations have already been tarnished because of the gossip being spread by Sharkey. Sharkey does not gain anything in spreading the gossip because even if he has evidence to prove it, he should have gone to the HR and discussed the issue instead of talking to his co-workers about it. The HR will be in a better position to investigate the matter. HR should handle the problem because they can directly confront both Cypher and Sharpe without being subjective. They will be more objective in handling the case unlike Sharkey who has an ax to grind against Sharpe because she got the promotion he wants. Applying the second question of Professor Badaracco, one sees that the rights of Cypher and Sharpe have been violated. Sharkey’s right to question the promotion is something which he can exercise but he must go through the proper channels. The proper channel is to go to the HR department and raise his concern to them. He can also go to his immediate supervisor to ask the reasons why Sharpe was promoted instead of him. Assuming that Cypher and Sharpe has no relationship as construed by Sharkey and the HR is faced with a decision of whether to fire Sharkey as proposed by Sam, the HR should weigh the consequences of its decision. As Professor Badaracco suggested, it should be guided by the question of â€Å"what will work in the world as it is?† (2002). The HR should resolve the issue by taking into account its decision’s effect on the organization as a whole and how its decision will impact on all the concerned individuals. If the other office workers will find out that the promotion of Sharpe is due to her relationship with Cypher, then the morale of the other office workers will be affected. They will think negatively of management because of the questionable criteria for

Hotel Quality Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hotel Quality Management - Research Paper Example Customers who request for a room change spend several minutes before they are reallocated another room. This has proven to be ineffective to customers and hotel departments. Other room services such as newspaper delivery and baggage storage also require improvements. Most of the processes that take place in the hotel are done manually, and there is minimal use of technology. Guests have to call for transport at the check-out time since there are no prior arrangements or contracts with transport companies. These activities and processes compromise the quality of services offered by the hotel, and may drive away some customers. Automating the check-in and check-out process would greatly improve the hotel services. A quality system empowers workers at several levels in the hotel in order to establish guest service expectations and device the best way to meet or exceed these expectations. An online check-in system would prove effective in providing quality system. This would help custome rs conduct booking processes via the internet and make payments online. Currently, the hotel uses a manual identification process, which involves checking identification documents. A computerized check-in process would enable hotel attendants verify the identity of customers automatically. Online services can also conduct room changes before they check-in to the hotel. Room change processes usually consume a lot of time before the new room is prepared. Conducting these requests before the guests check-in would save the amount of time spent. The check-out process is also conducted manually by checking the identification of the customer and retrieving customer accommodation information manually. Guests have to line up at the front desk to clear from the hotel. A computerized system would automate the confirmation process, and guests could check-out of their room without lining up at the front desk. Guests are presented with their bill at the front desk, which increases the amount of t ime spent. An efficient system would enable guests receive their bills before leaving their rooms. The hotel does not conduct a customer satisfaction survey about their services. Collecting customer feedback would enable the hotel improve different areas of their services, which did not please the customers. A guest email service would facilitate the collection of customer feedback and assist the hotel management to process the collected data. The core of quality management is to steer the business towards an improved performance. It has three main components, which include quality assurance, quality control, and quality improvement. Consistent quality is achieved by not only improving the condition of services, but also by improving the processes (Jones and Lockwood, 2004). This involves eliminating or minimizing defects present at the business processes and type of services offered. Customer and investor satisfaction are directly linked to the quality of services provided in the h otel. A hotel quality system would reduce competition from other hotels with the help of benchmarking. The hotel would have a mechanism of measuring the degree of customer needs and expectations through the customer feedback system. The hotel would then match these expectations and needs against the perceived quality. Automating the

Venue Management for Events. The Emirates Stadium Essay

Venue Management for Events. The Emirates Stadium - Essay Example This tier can carry a total of 2, 222 spectators in total. The box prices start at ?65,000 per year inclusive of V.A.T. and caters for all the home league games and any other played at the Emirates stadium. The Emirates Stadium (Picture courtesy of Arsenal.com) The Diamond Club is the next tier and represents the most exclusive area in the stadium. This is a place that hosts only invited guests and the ticket prices are ?25,000 in advance plus an additional ?25,000 a year. The high demand for tickets in London coupled with the fact that the people living in London are relatively wealthy implies that the ticket sales from the premium seating and the corporate boxes are very high (Chung, & Hwang, 2010). The picture measures 105 by 68 meters with a total grass area of 113 by 76 meters running from north to south. The players’ tunnel and the dugouts are placed on the western side of the pitch just below the main television camera. The away fans are placed in the south- eastern cor ner of the lower tier. The configuration of the away fans can however be expanded from the current 1,500 seats to about 4,500 depending on the demand. This extension has been provided for by the lower and the upper tiers. This stadium has enough space for the travelling fans as required by the Football Association (FA). An aerial view of the Emirates Stadium (Picture courtesy of Arsenal.com) The upper tier has been contoured in order to leave some open space in the ground corners and the roof is equally inward canted. These features are meant to facilitate the flow of air and sunlight to the pitch. These are very vital elements because both players and fans need a good supply of both light and fresh air. The... The paper tells that Emirates Stadium also inbuilt conference holes that accommodates various events like music shows, wedding ceremonies and big meetings. The stadium also well structured roofs that provide shade and shelter to the fans with the centre part left open to allow penetration of sunlight into the pitch. The environment surrounding the stadium is well ventilated as depicted by the contoured walls to provide goods circulation of air. The regions surrounding the stadium are highly secured with security inspection starting at the railway stations before journeying towards the pitch. Entrance of fans is high controlled as the technology system at the gates only allows individuals with smartcards to get access of the stadium during matches. The interior of the Emirates Stadium is highly beautified with green coloured grasses on the pitch and conspicuous red colours dominating the stadium. In addition, the stadium is installed with high tech cameras and big television screens t hat offer exemplary view for distant fans within the stadium. The stadium also has inbuilt catering section and food shop that provide easy meal to fans at very affordable prices. Accessing the stadium is somehow very easy as can be evidenced by good network of roads and railway lines just passing near the stadium. In order to ensure further security, parking is never allowed around or near the stadium and vehicles is usually parked at residential streets that are meters away from the stadium thereby compelling fans to walk for few minutes to the stadium.

Grading System Essay Example for Free

Grading System Essay I think this is a good step to change the very old education system of our country. We have progressed and developed in many field but the Educational system is same (implemented during Colonial regime). But the question arises why in only CBSE System. However, this is going to relax most of the students and parents as well. The Students and guardians were used to go under unnecessary pressure and stress twice (X XII). The Grading system is better than marking system. Meanwhile I fee the Government should also consider on the following matters. 1. There should be one syllabus system in all over India. . This system must be applied to all board exam not only CBSE. Each and every board must follow other wise the students of CBSE will face a great consequences in future. 3. There should be one educational system in all over India. I’ve read these statements, n I think most of the people dint like it bcoz, acc to them there e will be no difference in 91 and 99. i just want to ask that in whole India how many students get above 90 and hw many below 60. obvsly more students are in 2nd category’s we should think on behalf of those who are more in the system get very depressed when they fails! their enthusiasm, will to study further get busted! So it better for those students. At least they can study further with increased enthusiasm that they have to get next grade next year. So thinking as a mess. This sys is excellent and obviously it will reduce the suicide cases adopted by the failure students. Well everything thing has both ways one is positive and another one is negative we are taking about only positive thing that is stress will be remove from students mind, inferiority complex and all that. But there is some person, who is talking about negative point of grading system, if we talk about negative point there are certain points like no students have deep knowledge about the subject and if you do not have deep knowledge you can put up your point in front of class and seminar. Another point is at the time of interview or practical we cant go because you don’t have idea about the particular thing you have basic knowledge but at the time of practical or interview they will ask the root thing of the particular subject or thing. So these are the few examples of negativity of the grading system. This is a good initiative by kapil sibal. Maniacs of marks should understand that there is no big difference between a student who scores 99 and 90. Nobody is consistent in their scoring which at times happens even beyond expectations. So this hue and cry over marks is pessimism. Every top ranking institute ranks students upon their aptitude where a student getting 60 marks may score better than a book worm who takes 99. 9%. Marks and knowledge on the subject are two different things. Mental ability and overall personality development means more than those digits scored without any purpose of developing knowledge. This system will put an end to such stupidity. Let me clear your view about the Grading system and Marking system (fail pass). Grading system will be a kind of regular assessment system to check the students progress which will allow the students to put their focus on the poor grading subjects. Guardian may check the assessment of their ward and rectify the mistake before it goes beyond control. Usually the students take easy during normal course and take a great stress at the time of Final Exam which not only put them into depression but also allow them to commit suicide either before Exam or after the result. The fear of Pass and failure become the nightmare for the students. At present, to take admission in any professional course you have to appear in test process follow by interview so it will not effect due to getting 98 or 91 or even less than 90. The only thing I realize that educational system of all Board should be one and same. However, a lot need to change in our educational system and I think this is the first step towards the introducing global system of Education in India. Continual assessment of students without board examination is likely to considerably reduce the stress of not only the students but also the parents and teachers. Secondly, continual assessment is a good concept to evaluate a student during the entire academic session. On the contrary, one time assessment via board examination does not reflect the true academic standing of a student. I must congratulate the policy makers in this regard.

Principles Behind Project Management Systems and Procedures

Principles Behind Project Management Systems and Procedures The beginning of project management is in the construction business, resulted as pyramids. A king contracted for the construction of his own relaxing home, given to a project manager. This manager was accountable for the rational development of the physical structure, with cutting and carriage of stone, organising of workforce, and construction of the pyramid as planned by the emperor. Modern building organizations hire an updated model of project management, using graphical tools and software to help achieve the sequencing of resources distribution, paraphernalia procedure, and industry knowledge. Usually one organization has several projects underneath at a specified time, confounding the requirement for particular scheduling of resource accessibility to complete each assignment successfully and proficiently. A number of experts have acknowledged a resemblance to construction firms in operative style. For example, legitimate and public bookkeeping companies, while not necessitating brace beams or earth-moving tools, have various legal cases or specialized checks in progress instantaneously. For these corporations, it is required to assign the accessibility of specialized consultants. Principles of project Management Project management principles are most often well-read from practise, and they have world-wide validity for all ventures. This is individuals own perception how he/she could be able to implement those. It is an important matter. Principle Based Project Management begins with these principles: Rule 1- Keep in mind which type of professional you are going to do. Is this business feasible? Choose projects that are worthy for your business. Recognise the commercial worth in your project and keep an eye for fluctuations. Be conscientious in your selected business, learning and put on finest practices. Define what is exclusive and exterior your capacity of concern. Rule 2 Comprehend the clients requirements and sort them. Carefully apprehend and file the customers necessities, get client contract in inscription, and put requirements documents under version identification and change control. Requirements management is the important success aspect for systems development projects. Rule 3 Design a sensible plan. Design a plan that outlines the possibility, agenda, budget, and methodology for a practical project. Include job owners in emerging plans and appraisals, to guarantee viability and buy-in Rule 4 Construct a worthy squad with clear rights. Acquire noble persons and have faith. Create strong possession of well-defined responsibilities; confirm they have tools and preparation needed; and deliver well-timed response. Track beside an operating plan. Give emphasis to open communications. Construct an atmosphere in which team forces at work can gel. Move oddities out. Lead the squad. Rule 5 Keep an eye on project prominence and give it widespread distinguishability. Track development and have repeated evaluations. Deliver inclusive perceptibility and communications of players improvement, expectations, and concerns. Conduct systematic evaluations of management and practical areas to support manage customer anticipations, progress excellence, and recognise complications before they get out of hand. Rule 6 Use Starting point Controls. Inaugurate reference point for the artefact using configuration management and for the plan using budget and schedule reference line tracing. Manage variations purposefully. Practise measurements to standard problematic extents and then track growth quantitatively on the way to elucidations. Rule 7 Put pen to paper Significant Matter, Share it, and Save it. File requirements, strategies, actions, and progressing projects. Keep a record thoughts permit them to grow and improve. Deprived of citations it is difficult to have baseline controls, consistent communications, or a repeatable method. Record all significant pacts and conclusions, along with supportive rationale, as they may come up well ahead. Rule 8 A good test plan should be there. Cultivate test cases for validations and verifications. Use pilot tests to attest critical items and decrease technical menaces. Rule 9 Guarantee consumer contentment. Keep the customers real needs and requirements continuously in view. Invisible changes in buyer requests or not concentrating the project on the customers trade requirements are definite routes to project disaster. Make a clear plan for Clients requirement satisfaction. Rule 10 Proactive approach should be there. Dont wait for damage, have each and every backup in advance in the view of disaster. Project problems worsen over time. Sporadically address project menaces and confront them cooperatively. Appraise the viability of projects and develop success/failure criteria Project viability can be checked by keeping in mind following criteria: a) Scope of the study: Basically before taking any project the scope of the project and the degree should be evidently predicted out based on the requirement of the project. Henceforth deprived of a clear visualisation of the project objective it is difficult to make a fruitful project. All the source desired for the project should be accessible in the report undoubtedly, planned accomplishment date etc. (b) Procurement of data for the studies: Nevertheless the asset and production expenses should be projected as accurately as possible, the budgets and period involved in procurement of the data are not always accurate and it therefore occasionally it is essential for the project team to have faith in suppositions. (c) Verification of alternatives and assumptions: When numerous substitutions are being delivered with concerning choice of equipment , capability, financing etc. In datum the nitty-gritties will be robust when the following substitutions are provided along with the particulars of the project outline: 1. Planned cost structure. 2. Work plans. 3. Exchange mechanism. 4. Landmark elements. (d) Planned cost structure: The expenditure for the project deliverables are always in expressions of prices, regardless of the nature of the produce such as study prices, work expenses, overhead cost etc. Consequently it would be idyllic to brand all the essential expenses experienced throughout the project execution, which justifies to be treated as cost. The manufacture cost depends on accessibility of the data about the vital capitals, manpower, effort agenda, type of equipment, accessible means, and dissemination prices, expertise of the employment. (e) Setting up the operations: Limit the accomplishment of the project is also a significant feature in project viability study. New practices such as PERT, GERT, CPM, ZBB etc are used for operational time management, in demand to be accurate in their close date. (f) Project team: It is desirable to formulate the report beneath the administration of specialists since they are mindful time restraints, assets, and source requirement for the project. To conduct a viability study the idyllic team associates would encompass. 1. Industry economist. 2. Market specialist. 3. Management professionals. 4. Technical head. 5. Project Supervisor. (g) Project meant for extension: Viability studies for a fresh project might be somewhat dissimilar from previously standing projects whose attention is to enlarge their measure of action and the scope of coverage. Depending upon the scope of the project, it should be evident from the new scheme whether the current interior organizational structure and supportive amenities will be adequate or need some alterations. (h) Cost studies: Scheming of pre-investment expenses differs from project to project. Since expenses are essential factors of several types of pre-investment readings it is desirable to specify the size of the expense. c) Developing success/failure criteria of a project Essentially, the project demonstrations exhibited success itself is problematic to outline. In a archetypal group of shareholders-i.e., the project leader, team associates, merchandise end workers, project promoter and top administration-a projects success might, at any given instant, obtain very dissimilar assessments. Given this certainty, it turns into clear that an estimation of project accomplishment should comprise both procedure and result principles. They used the following practice-related measures: Time: Did the project come in on planned time? Cost: Did the project derive in according to financial plan? Product: Did the project result in a produce of suitable worth and encounter other goods -related stipulations? The three outcome-related criteria they used were: Use: Were the projects consequential products/amenities used by its envisioned elements? Learning: Did the project intensify interested party knowledge and enhanced formulation the organization for forthcoming challenges? Value: Did the project lead straight to the organizations better-quality competence or efficacy? Common metrics comprise internal rate of return (IRR),, , economic value added (EVA) ,net present value (NPV) and the composed record. References: http://www.performancexpress.org/ Understand the principles behind project management systems and procedures. Principles behind project management systems and procedures are recognized for the following requirement to fulfil; Meet the clients expectancy Meet project time limit and liability Bring about project revenue margins Well-organized resource utilization Accomplish facts for quicker decision making Confirming limited resources are used on the right plans Binding the dynamism of work in attaining advantageous modification Supervising multifarious variations in an planned way Measuring risks, describing goals and key success parts and setting excellence objectives. Identify the key elements involved in terminating projects and conducting post project appraisals Essential Key Elements are: Assure that all payments have been collected from the customer Assure that all payments for materials and subcontractors have been paid Prepare a written performance evaluation of each member of the project team Hold post-project evaluation meetings commemorate Have individual meetings with team members and a group meeting with the project team Hold soon after the finishing point declare meeting in advance so people can be equipped Individual meetings allow team members to give their individual impersonation Develop an plan for a group meeting Group meeting should talk about performance and recommendation for enhancement Issue a brief written report to management with a summing up and recommendations Some topics that might be discussed: procedural performance cost performance schedule performance project planning and control customer relationships group relationships communications problem recognition and resolution 2. Examine project organisation and people. Identify the most appropriate organisational structure, roles and responsibilities of participants within a project Prosperous organisations are those that: Have people of visualization and champs of transformation to lead them; Expose the potential of their staff. This is done by generating principles of sincere empowerment of staff to emphasis on the customer. They also motivate good communication, collaboration and preparation. They roll out any ranked pyramids. Identify their clienteles persistently learning from others and going up to the confronts retained by demanding clients. This leads to improvement and keenness. Produce new and fruitful merchandises or amenities by a good knowledge of contestants, inspiring improvement to achieve new ideas. Emphasis on the essential business, accompanied by tactical coalitions. Go beyond their customers expectancies. A virtuous enterprise will admire its individuals as a key resource, not a financial rate. It is a mark of noble administration that all workforces are authorised to appreciate their potential, and profit from working out to ensure so. Managements of all organisations have four core tasks they require to device: Fabrication to make the merchandises or amenities; Transactions and advertising to get the artefact sold; Human resources (employees to you) to employ and train employees; Investment to remunerate for the undertakings. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES The roles and responsibilities of project contributors will vary. The necessities positioned on participants will be resolute and demarcated during the project planning process phase,following points can be considered: On a large project, individual role projects may need full-time consideration to the task. On smaller projects, role duties may be completed part-time, with staff distribution in the implementation of several utilities. Tasking and specific responsibilities are generally overlapped in the Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS) as activity projects are defined during the scheduling phase. Typically these duties are shorter term and present only to the attainment of the action distribution. The Project Team and Shareholders A project team includes a varied combination of people and qualities who exchanging the responsibility for achieving plan goals. Shareholders on every project include: Organizational Management, who outlines business requirements, objectives and purposes of the project as well as describing the guidelines and measures leading the project,. The Project Manager, who has final accountability for project accomplishment The Project Team members, who are answerable for holding the performance of the project work actions. These could comprise: Project management human resources Business development human resources Subject Matter Experts (SME) Documentation (user and practical) human resources Training human resources Technical human resources Information Security Officer Leaders/decision makers The Project Supporter, who frontrunners in receiving the need for the project documented as well as in case funding, permitting the means enlistment, and confirming the sanctuary of IT applications. The Purchaser, who is the individual(s) or association(s) using the merchandise of the project and who regulates the approval criteria for the product. Organizational Management Organizational Management is accountable for the identification of the need and occasion for a project, valuation of project risk, and the endorsement of the projects viability and capitals. Management Roles and Responsibilities General Functions Provide leadership and possessions to establish and advance project management Ensure that enough resources are available to conduct projects Analysis/support promises to external individuals (e.g., customers, vendors) Ensure staff is appropriately qualified in project management practices and principles Project Commencement Select Project Manager and contribution in project team recruitment Review/authenticate/admire project scheduler Authorize and provide financial support Project Planning Authenticate that project goals and objectives are defined Review/approve project plan, cost, risk and establish management capitals Provide management inaccuracy as established by review of the project risk analysis, risk reaction planning and mission plan Allow project staff accessibility Project Implementation Repeatedly conduct administrative management reviews and provide your ideas Project Control Review project status and corrective action plans (if required) Review/Approve changes upsetting scope, timing, cost, and/or quality, as essential Project Close-out Authenticate project accomplishment (goals objectives) Substantiate customer and sponsor reception Review and close plan accounting/financial records Review project instructions knowledgeable and post project reports for constant enhancement accomplishment Project Sponsor / Business Sponsor The Project Sponsor is typically a member of the management squad who will be the receiver of the projects end consequence (the product). The Project Sponsor is usually the head of a program region. This specific makes the business argument for the project to exist, controls the overall funding of the project and outlines the receipt criteria of the produce. Many organizations have commands such as Information Technology Security Certification and Authorization which recognizes security related tasks for the System Proprietor. Sponsor Roles and Responsibilities General Functions Eloquent project and/or customer necessities Authenticate that project requirements are met Provide the necessary finance and resources as correct Titleholder the project to provide acquaintance and buy-in Communicate the sponsors views on project growth and success influences to the project team and other shareholders Project Commencement Provide the deliberate goals and objectives of the recipient organization and guidance to the project team to identify the significance and value of the project Develop project idea document Describe sponsor and organizations needs Acquire or provides capital for the project Document necessities Project Planning Review and approve the Project Management Plan and management attitude Participate in planning conferences Project Accomplishment Attend decision-making requirement appraisals Decide intensified project requests-issues, removes barricades and difficulties to the project Deliver transcribed agreement to project requirements and meet the requirements Project Control Appear and contribute as required at Project Status Reviews and piloting meetings Show up change control meetings and appraisals and supports change in scope, timing, quality and/or cost as compressed Project Close-out Provide demonstration or input to lessons learned reviews Sign off on project accomplishment. Control and co-ordinate a project Project coordination is planning and managing several responsibilities at the same time. Coordination is indispensable for a industry that deals with two or more linked plans. Projects differ based on commercial goals but may comprise initiation a new produce or growing facilities into new zones. A project coordinator commonly has diverse roles and accountabilities, dependent on the business, business scope, and mission objective. Project coordinators can function as decision makers or subordinate to lead managers. Project control cycle Recognize the purposes and restrictions, and cultivate a plan. Analyse and baseline the proposal. Acquire agreement to proceed. Do some effort. Measure performance and bring up-to-date the original estimations and predictions. Bring up to date the plan and financial plan predictions to have explanation of the state-of-the-art statistics. Explore the reasons of any momentous deviations with detail to the baseline. Analyse the related jeopardies and expectations. If compulsory, improve opportunities for captivating counteractive action. Settle on any remedial plan that is mandatory and appraise the plans . Approve that the goals have been accomplished and that the prerequisite merchandises have been distributed. Acquire official sign-off if applicable. Figure: Project control cycle Identify project leadership requirements and qualities. In a team building, populaces are encouraged to provide thoughts and useful conclusions. This transformation rules how plans in the present day are being fulfilled. Moved out is the old-fashioned system of running ventures where the person above you made the judgments, assumed the timeframes, and fix all goals. Today, we must have additional players who will take the compulsory guidance and move the project onward. This turn out to be a struggle with anticipations and values. It is a fact project management is here to stay. Shape the Accurate Crew: Several project players practice turf encounters. Persons dispute and are unhelpful; they do not cooperate. Non-cooperation leads to project breakdown .most people are capable to overcome their personal aversions and silently effort together. Nevertheless, the squad leader is accountable for holding unsolved project planning. By cautiously choosing the crew participants in the opening, several types of these difficulties can be escaped. Explain Something in Great Detail for Your Team Upfront: It all the time works well to convey people the reality. By illuminating the penetration of the venture and how considerable time you expect it will yield for accomplishment will construct your reliability. Generate the right grounds by clarifying the course for conducting difficulties, adjust commands, and projects. By providing the facts up front, you set a gist of admiration and gentility. Craft an Atmosphere of Reliance: You should create reliability and walk the tà ªte-à  -tà ªte regularly. Give people respect. People who are treated badly will not likely be helpful and supportive. Elude and depress dishonesties and backstabbing. These eradicate reliance and give the base for rejection of leadership. Individuals can handle mistakes or catastrophe, but they cannot handle deceptions and lack of respect. Observe and Provide Opinion: Providing appropriate reaction on the pros and cons of a project is very significant. Never take too lightly the worth of a literal on the rear with a good job supplement. If you ponder individuals are performing well, express them. In some cases, leaders applause individuals at the commencement of the project but fail to recall to comprise reaction over the comprehensive time of the project. Reminisce, admiration expenses nothing. Point out optimistic actions with observations. These positive shorings up supports retain people attentive on the right way. Keep Communication Vulnerable: Keep communications rolling; it helps the efficiency and proficiency of the venture. Circumvent one way communiquà © which is only from first management downward. Communication is required which crosses division lines and retains everyone well-versed and on board. Keep the End Goal Clearly in Mind: Leaders can turn out to be side-tracked and overlook the necessity for checking the project dates. People may lose attention for the duration of a project and permit goals to float. If the overlooked time limit is early on in the project, it can have an undulate effect. Plan and specify human resources and requirements for a project Planning of Human resources seeks to place the right employees in the right jobs at the right time, so that an organisation can meet its objectives. Human resource planning tries to forecast personnel demand, assess supply and reconcile the two in a systematic manner. When developing HR plans, it is important for managers to scan the external environment to identify the effects of economic conditions, regional and competitive pressures, governmental influences and workforce composition and patterns. Planning the requirement for Human Resources for a project Most firms estimate how many employees they require in future. The demand for human talent at various levels is primarily due to the following factors: 1. External challenges: These challenges arise from three important sources: (a) Economic developments: Opening up of banking sector, capital market reforms, the on-line trading systems have created huge requirement for finance professionals . (b) Political, legal, social and technical changes: The requirement for certain categories of employees and skills is also influenced by changes in political, legal and social structure in an economy. (c) Competition: Companies operating in fields where a large number of players are bent upon cutting each others throat (with a view to enhance their market shares) often reduce their workforce. Competition is beneficial to customers but suicidal for companies operating on thin margins. 2. Organisational decisions: The organisations strategic plan, sales and production forecasts and new ventures must all be taken into account in employment planning. 3. Workforce factors: Requirement is modified by retirements, terminations, resignations, deaths and leaves of absence. Past experience, however, makes the rate of occurrence of these actions by employees fairly predictable. 4. Forecasting techniques: The manpower forecasting techniques commonly employed by modern organisations are given below: (a) Expert forecasts: In this method, managers estimate future human resource requirements, using their experiences and judgements to good effect. (b) Trend analysis: HR needs can be estimated by examining past trends. Past rates of change can be projected into the future or employment growth can be estimated by its relationship with a particular index. 5. Other methods: Several mathematical models, with the aid of computers are also used to forecast HR needs, e.g., regression, optimisation models, budget and planning analysis. Examine project processes and procedures Develop project plans and the project organisation Planning is the key to successful project. When we thought of a project we need to make project plan. Step 1 Project Goals: A project is successful when the the requirements of the investors are done. A investor is one directly or indirectly affected by the project. As a main step it is vital to recognize the shareholders in your project. Examples of stakeholders are: The project guarantor The client who take delivery of the services The operators of the project yields The project manager and project team The next step once you have piloted all the conversations and have a all-inclusive list of requirements is to give priorities to them. From the this list generate a customary of objectives that can be easily measured. This way it will be easy to know when a objective has been accomplished. Once you have recognized a clear set of goals they should be chronicled in the project plan. It can be beneficial to also comprise the needs and opportunities of your shareholders. Step 2 Project Deliverables: Supplement the deliverables to the project plan with an predictable delivery date. Further exact delivery dates will be established during the development phase. Step 3 Project Schedule: Build a list of responsibilities that must be voted for out for each deliverable acknowledged in step 2. For every task ascertain the following: The amount of effort (hours or days) required to do the task The resource who will bring out the task After finding out the amount of work for each task, you can work out the effort mandatory for each deliverable and an accurate delivery date. Update your deliverables division with the more precise distribution dates. Step 4 Supporting Plans This step deals with plans you must create as quantity of the planning process. These can be comprised openly in the plan. Human Resource Plan Classify by name the persons and associations with a important role in the project. For each one designate their roles and tasks on the project. Next, designate the number and kind of people necessary to carry out the project. For each means feature start dates, assessed time and the technique you will use for tracking down them. Craft a single sheet encompassing this statistics. Communications Plan Design a document displaying who wishes to be kept informed about the mission and how they will collect the facts. The most corporate mechanism is a weekly/once-a-month development report, telling how the project is performing, landmarks attained and work scheduled for the next period. Risk Management Plan Risk management is an imperative portion of project management. Though often unnoticed, it is significant to recognize as numerous menaces to your venture as probable and be organized if something badly takes place. Some examples of mutual project risks: Time and cost approximations too enthusiastic Customer analysis and opinion phase too slow Unanticipated economical cuts Unclear roles and accountabilities Shareholder input is not required or their needs are not correctly assumed Shareholders varying necessities after the project has on track Shareholders adding new necessities after the project has underway Bad communication ensuing in misinterpretations, quality problems and modify Deficiency of resource assurance Apply project scheduling, estimating and cost control techniques Project Scheduling helps you do the following: They deliver a foundation for you to monitor and control project undertakings. They assist you regulate how best to distribute resources so you can attain the project objective. They support you evaluate how time postponements will influence the project. You can figure out where additional resources are obtainable to assign to other projects. They deliver a root to support you track project development. Cost Estimating Resources for which expenses are estimated include infrastructure, employment, equipment, components, etc. and special class like rise or emergency. If the performing organization does not have properly skilled project cost estimators,after that project team must require to contribute both the possessions and the proficiency to carry out project cost estimating actions. Analogous Estimating Analogous cost estimating means using the real cost of previous or similar projects as the base for estimating the cost of the existing project. Analogous cost estimating This technique is used when there is a inadequate amount of comprehensive information about the project. It uses professional judgment, is less costly and is less precise but cons

phonics :: essays research papers

PHOÂ ·NICS Phonics is the basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds. Emergent readers and writers should understand that there is a relationship between letter patterns and sound patterns in English (the alphabetic principle), and eventually develop an awareness of the separate sounds in words. Without the recognition of words, there would be an incomplete foundation for constructing meaning. Phonics, along with other the use of context, word parts, syntax, and automaticity enables a reader to recognize words. Learning the basics- relationships between letters and sounds- enables children to decode words they have never seen before. As this process becomes more automatic, it releases children’s attention to the higher-level activities involved in comprehending the text’s meaning. Children will use phonics along with the context and syntax of the text, the illustrations, and the words they recognize automatically. The most effective and efficient phonics instruction focuses on children’s attention on noticing letter/sound patterns in the major components of syllables: that is, on noticing the letter/sound patterns in initial consonants and consonant clusters and in the rime, which consists of the vowel of a syllable plus consonants, such as –ake, -ent, -ish, -ook. Students should not see the rules as fundamentals but rather as a way to note patterns within words. For example, the silent final e is not always consistent, but knowing about it does help the reader note the pattern. Rules should not be taught for recitation. When children have a context in which to learn the code system, instruction of phonics is most successful. Children who have been exposed to print during the early child development years have a solid foundation for learning to read. For children lacking this foundation, activities such as listening to stories, shared reading of Big Books, and matching print in nursery rhymes on charts provides them with a context of what reading and writing are and the uses that sound letter knowledge might have.

Plan For Development Of Human Capital

The staff development and leadership training models and programs of Clark County School District includes various aspects like Specific goals for student achievement, Time-bound goals for student achievement, Strong, internal evaluation practices and Time and Opportunity. (Wiedemann, 2006, 6) But from the perspective of modern Human Resource and development there are still rooms for improvements. The main aim of an able leader is to produce confident, independent learners and support staffs thorough a capacity for self assessment.The first of these factors deals with spiritual dimension of the leaders in the context and perception of their students and support staffs. The second factor deals with physical dimension where the focus is mainly laid down on the classroom environment. The third factor is the instructional dimension where the teaching skills of the teachers are taken into consideration. Lastly there is the factor of managerial dimension which is focused on dealing with ad dressing student behavior. (Finnis, 2003)To maintain standards in educational tolerance and sensitivity, we must learn about each student individually. This would be for their benefit to not only realize their goals and aspirations but to know their potential limitations and help them in the discovery of methods toward surpassing those limitations in order to gain access to their aspirations. Professors must also provide the students the outside methods toward attaining confidence in their ability to learn new skills in forwarding their education.Consistent teaching and learning is managed in order to improve attainment resources for teaching and learning in the form of revision guides, coursework help, lesson plans, worksheets, tasks and links to other sites. (Zimmerman, 2002) This has often resulted in improved consistency in teaching and would also have enabled students’ access to useful materials encouraging independent learning. It should also be mentioned that Leaders a nd the aspect of leadership must be efficient and intelligent.Let us take the example of Peters and Waterman, who in â€Å"In Search of Excellence† thought of â€Å"being visible† and â€Å"management by walkabout†. The dexterity and expertise of managers should support the endeavours of the Staffs. Staffs should feel that they are guided by the managers in perusing their duties. By sound management techniques the ambitions of participative leadership and the human relations school can be achieved. (Wright, 2004)In general it can be stated that strategies followed by the school are to EXPAND its student and staff base and enhance the moral by pursuing multimedia opportunities, DELIVER an award-winning level of excellence, building public interest, trust and pride, PROVIDE vigorous leadership and support in the institution, INSTILL an environment of internal and external excellence in customer service, EMPOWER and recognize each staff's unique contribution, ACHIE VE the highest standards of quality, IMPROVE motivation strength and thus build up a considerable level of human capital.  (Berkowitz, 2000)In conclusion it should be the main aim to produce confident, independent learners thorough a capacity for self assessment. In this manner gaining independence in their education and the capacity to achieve will further their aspirations toward higher goals.Providing a baseline for their understanding and ability to interact with them and then first ascertaining their learning level prior to assigning the individual goals as well as the overall goals for each individual student is an important step toward gaining understanding and the capacity for learning. Taking the steps outlined in the Classroom Strategy and adapting them to the differentials provided by the learning styles of each student is an important aspect for consideration and would in fact manage to be one of the goals set to achieve as a teacher. (Manning, 2003) References: Berkowitz L; (2000); Leadership and Implementations: Findings and Enactment. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Finnis, J. 2003. Fundamentals of Leadership; Georgetown University Press Manning, Schissler Susan. (2003). Ethical Leadership in Human Services: A Multi-Dimensional Approach, New York: Allyn and Bacon. Wiedemann, Denise; 2006; District School Improvement – Amao Plan; Clark County School District; Las Vegas: Nevada; retrieved on 28.06.2007 from http://ccsd.net/schools/pdf/DSIP2006-full.pdf Wright, Robert; 2004; The Moral Animal: why we are the way we are. Little, Brown & Co Zimmerman, S; (2002); Introduction to Management Principals; National Book Trust

Cold War and US Diplomacy Essay

The John F. Kennedy presidency encountered various situations in Latin America, Southeast Asia and Europe, as well as, other regions that required astute diplomatic efforts and initiatives amid increasing Cold War tensions. Kennedy had been passionate about the issues of war and peace since when he was young. In fact, Kennedy’s plan of flexible response managed by Robert McNamara was intended to minimize the occurrence of war caused by miscalculated diplomatic and military initiatives. The U. S. ’s successful handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis epitomizes the foreign policy approach that John F.  Kennedy’s administration took. The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 was a conflict with the Soviet Union and Cuba on one side and the U. S on the other. The Cuban Missile Crisis is regarded as the closest the Cold War came to turning into a nuclear war (Byrne, 2006, p. 7). It is also one of the documented moments of the threat of mutual assured destruction (MAD). After getting proof of Soviet missile bases building in Cuba, the U. S thought about the idea of attacking Cuba through air and sea, but later arrived at a military quarantine of Cuba. U. S troops were at their highest state of readiness ever while Soviet field commanders based in Cuba were ready to use battlefield nuclear weapons to defend Cuba if it was attacked. Fortunately, courtesy of courage of two men, President John F. Kennedy and Prime Minister Nikita Khrushchev, eminent nuclear war was averted. After capturing proof that Cuban missile bases were under construction, Kennedy secretly held a meeting with the Executive Committee of the National Security Council (EXCOMM). He put on hold the military solution of the crisis, vigorously championed by the Joint Chiefs of Staffs, and instead decided to quarantine Cuba (Viotti, 1996, p. 104). On October 22, 1962 Kennedy informed the public about the crisis, declaring the quarantine and demanding removal of the Soviet Union. Kennedy’s inclination to a peaceful settlement of international disputes was best exemplified when a Soviet missile brought down a U-2 reconnaissance plane over Cuba, murdering the pilot Rudolf Anderson. On October 27, in a letter to Nikita Khrushchev, Kennedy gave a non-invasion promise for removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba. Luckily, on October 28th, 1962 Kennedy and Khrushchev signed a deal. The Soviet Union accepted to remove their missiles from Cuba in exchange for the U. S non-invasion promise and disarmament of PGM-19 Jupiter missiles in Turkey. By the time the deal was struck, all Jupiter missiles were considered to be out of use and had actually been replaced by missile-equipped U. S Navy Polaris subs; they were however, removed in 1963. Diplomatic efforts spearheaded by President John F. Kennedy in conjunction with Premier Nikita Khrushchev during the Cold War helped the U. S to avoid going to war with the communist Soviet Union. The Cuban Missile Crisis was a dangerous global security situation equated to crisis such as the Berlin Blockade, the Yom Kippur War and the Suez Canal as one of the major conflicts of the Cold War. Avoiding the eminent nuclear war was a great feat for the U. S in her efforts to spearhead maintenance of international peace and security. Furthermore, it saved the international community from being doomed to a devastating worldwide thermonuclear war even before the deep wounds of World War I and II dried up. After the Cuban Missile Crisis, the U. S and the Soviet Union political leaders recognized a mutual interest in deliberate and strategic arms limitations in order to avoid accidental or unintentional nuclear war and to prevent the spread of the deadly nuclear weapons (Cimbala, 2002, p. 8). During the 1960s, the vital Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963 and Direct Communications Link (Hot Lines) for urgent situation discussions between the U.  S and Russia heads of states were concluded. Deliberations between Washington D. C and Moscow over strategic arms limitation started during the Johnson administration continued during Nixon presidency and ended in the SALT I (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) covenant in 1972. The Cuban Missile Crisis indirectly reaffirmed the importance of peaceful settlement of disputes not only between the U. S and their rivals like the Soviet Union, but also between other countries in other parts of the world. This trend was particularly crucial to the entire international community, which was still struggling to overcome effects of World War II. Diplomatic efforts used by Kennedy’s administration helped to save the world’s weak nations from being hurt by the likely thermonuclear war that would have erupted between the U. S and Soviet Union. In addition, it left both military and political global balance of power unaltered. In conclusion, for the U. S public, President John F. Kennedy showed commendable leadership talents, decision-making abilities, and conflict management kills. In fact, by November 1962, Kennedy’s management of the Cuban Missile Crisis was seen by most ordinary Americans as a major diplomatic victory for his administration and the nation at large (Viotti, 2005, p. 53). To a certain extent, the triumph of the diplomatic efforts adopted by Kennedy administration boosted public confidence in his regime particularly with regard to foreign relations initiatives at a time when Soviet Union communism was increasingly gaining ground and the nuclear weapons race getting out of hand.

Audience Analysis Essay

â€Å"Audience analysis gives you the tools you need to shape your product and your message† (Locker & Kienzler, 2008, p. 41). When presenting the company’s quarterly sales information it is important to evaluate the audience so that you can tailor the message to their needs. Considering the characteristics of the audience; the more you know about the audience, the more you can focus your presentation on what they need to know. You will also need to determine which communication channel is the most effective to present this information. It is almost important to understand the diversity of the audience so that you aren’t focusing on one group of people. If you spend the time analyzing your audience you can ensure that your sales presentation is effective. The more you know and understand your audience the better your message will be; you can start by identifying the characteristics of your audience. According to Locker and Kienzler (2008), the demographic characteristics such as age, sex, race, religion, education level, and income may be relevant when analyzing the audience. Because the sales presentation is for the stakeholders of the company, particularly managers, sales, and the customers, the demographics of the audience may be irrelevant for this case. When analyzing the stakeholders for this presentation, it is important to evaluate what they have in common and what is important to them. For example, stakeholders have a stake in the company so they want to see the company succeed; the sales data should be detailed enough to see the true performance of the company. Performing an audience analysis can be simplified by focusing on who they are, what their needs and expectations are, and how they will use the information. Managers need the sales information to gauge the performance of the company and to help make decisions on the day-to-day operations. The sales staff can use the information to see if they are meeting their sales goals and customers want to know that their suppliers are operating consistently and solid. Knowing the specifics needs you audience needs will help you when you are organizing your information for the presentation. Effective communication is based on selecting the appropriate communication channel to convey your message. Communication channels are the methods that are used to send a message to the audience. These methods can vary in efficiency and speed to the number of people who are reached (Locker & Kienzler, 2008). These messages can be sent through brochures, letters, e-mail messages, telephone conversations, video conferencing, and face-to-face meetings (Communication Channels, 2011). You are currently planning your sales presentation for a face-to-face meeting with the stakeholders. By meeting face-to-face you can combine some of the communication channels for a more effective message. The written part of the message includes presenting the sales information in a PowerPoint that allows you to include detailed information incorporating graphs and charts. You can communicate the information orally providing a narrative that supports your PowerPoint slides. This can be a very effective method of highlighting specific points of the presentation to what the audience needs to capture. Other methods that can be used effectively in this scenario are a video conference or a conference call combined with Net meeting in order for everyone to access the PowerPoint during the meeting. Emailing this type of information is fast and efficient, but it would be ineffective. There is too much information that could get overlooked and misinterpreted regardless of how much effort you put into the audience analysis. Email channels are more appropriate for routine communication such as day-to-day activities. Selecting the proper channel can contribute to the success of the message. When preparing your presentation it is important to take into consideration the diversity of the audience. Living in a multicultural society it is important to recognize and be sensitive toward the different cultures and ethnicities of people. In addition you should understand the organizational culture. Organizational culture is a set of values and attitudes that can change from company to company. It can be an important part of delivering a successful sales presentation by understanding the culture of the company. In the sales meeting with the stakeholders you have a diverse audience of internal company managers and sales staff and you have external customers. You need to take this into consideration when determining the level of detail that you want to share in the meeting. With the presence of outside people, you may want to be cautious of how much sales information you present in the meeting. Too much information could be damaging; you don’t want your customer to have more information than necessary to get the message across. Analyzing your audience will prepare you for the diversity of your audience. In order to communicate effectively with your audience, you need to understand who they are, what groups they belong to, and what values they hold† (Locker & Kienzler, 2008, p. 41). One way to ensure that you deliver an effective message is to start by performing a thorough audience analysis. Organize the information that you are including the key points that you want to get across. Creating visual aids like graphs and charts that support your ideas can help to keep the attention of your audience. It is also helpful to know your material and have good speaking skills so that you can relay the information without interruption. When meetings run long you can start to lose the attention of your audience; keep the presentation to a time length appropriate to get the message across. Create an interactive meeting and ask questions; this way you will know immediately if the audience is clearly receiving the information that you are presenting. Presenting quarterly sales information requires a little bit more than throwing numbers on a slide and showing them to the managers, sales, and customers present in the meeting. To ensure that you are delivering an effective message put in the extra time to do the research. Evaluate the audience so that you can focus the presentation on what type of data and information that each group of stakeholders need. Prior to scheduling the face-to-face meeting; consider different communication channels to present the sales data, this will help to determine which method is the most effective. Include enough information to ensure that you deliver an effective message that benefits your audience. â€Å"Audience analysis is the first step in any communication process: it gives you the tools you need to shape your product and your message† (Locker & Kienzler, 2008, p. 41).