Life And Christ Essays - Chitto Harjo, Muscogee People,

Life And Christ In 1994 my Pa (Grandfather) died and in 1995 my Dad died and now just last month my other Grandfather died. When my Pa died I lost Faith in God for a day or to because I thought God did it for some bad reason or the other. When my other Grandfather died nothing affected me I guess because I didn't know him that well but it did bring back memories of my father dying and another thing was that when we were at the site of the grave my Grandfather was being buried right next to my Dad and they set up all the Chairs where my Dad's grave was and hid it. It may not seem like a big deal to most people but it had affected me. When my Dad died I lost faith more than any other time because he was so close to me he was sick with cancer and he still made time to play with me. The times I remember most was when he would sit in his recliner chair and watch T.V. and during the commercials we would throw a miniature Nerf football back and forth. Another time would be when it was lighting and thundere d outside in the middle of the night I would wake up immediately to go see my father sitting on the couch and I would go sit next to him because I was scared of thunderstorms. He was scared of thunderstorms too; I didn't know this till after he died, and I always went in there so I wouldn't be scared of the rain. When I found out he was scared of thunderstorms it made me think that we were protecting each other from the same fear. I think that is something that only happed because God was with us both. When he was in the Hospital a thunderstorm had started and he called the nurse in to open the curtains for him so he could watch and during the storm he said he saw an Angel and after that he was no longer afraid of thunderstorms. When I found out he had died I just came back from SeaWorld. After that I had lost Faith in God and stop praying. I let myself think about what had happened and realized that he had so many problems with his body that I was glad God took him into Heaven So h e would have a better life. I asked God to help me with my recent problems by praying to him and one to two years later I met Joe, my stepfather, he has help me to take care of these problems, learn about the Bible, My school problems, and much, much more, he also took over the job my dad had. I probably wouldn't have Joe here right now if it weren't for God. I think God put him here to help mold me. Religion Essays

Do you spell Free Reign with a G

Do you spell Free Reign with a G Do correct spellings change over time? This video clip from ABC News, and the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), assert that they do. Usage does dictate what authorities such as the OED report as correct spellings of words, such as free reign and vocal chords. As much as I would like to think things like spellings do not change, I am forced to admit that they do. National Dictionary Day:Â   do you spell free reign with a G? Category:Grammar Writing TipsBy Brenda BernsteinNovember 29, 2009

Civil Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Civil Rights - Essay Example (King, 1963) Blacks in America suffered from slavery during the early days of the Colonial period until the Civil War, but in many areas racist statutes known as â€Å"Jim Crow Laws† prevented blacks from voting or enjoying other basic rights of society until Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. led his movement for change. (King, 1963) In leading blacks to full political inclusion and equality, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. built a path of civil disobedience based in the philosophies of Henry David Thoreau, Mahatma Gandhi, and deep Christian understanding that focused on securing social justice through legislative change. This included removing â€Å"Jim Crow† laws from the books and passing new legislation nationally such as the Voting Rights Act of 1968 and Civil Rights Act of 1964 that officially guaranteed the human rights of African-Americans. (Infoplease, 2007) Dr. Martin Luther King was a Southern Baptist minister whose community included poor African-American families who h ad suffered the legacy racism and repression of Jim Crow laws, segregation in restaurants, hotels, schools, and other public facilities as part of an American â€Å"apartheid† doctrine similar to that in South Africa historically. Nelson Mandela and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Article Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Article - Research Paper Example The most common environmental factors are toxins and exposure to pesticides. Toxic chemicals like MPTP, Toluene, Carbon Disulphide, and cyanide; and certain pesticides like rotenone and paraquat affect significant changes in vital neural components. Exposure to toxic chemicals and pesticides are found to cause damage and loss of â€Å"dopaminergic neurons and clinical Parkinsonism† (Chao et al.). Pesticides like paraquat and rotenone has also been observed to depreciate both dopaminergic neurons and typical Parkinsonism. Furthermore, these chemicals inspire contact with genetic expression thereby curbing genetic mutations. As a result, genetics have been particularly considered in the continuing research on Parkinson’s disease. There is no known cure for Parkinson’s disease so far; and most of the treatments available today are used to either prevent or contain the degeneration of the disease. According to Chao et al (2012), current treatments for Parkinsonâ€⠄¢s disease are categorized into two main subgroups: symptom-relieving drugs and surgical treatments. Common symptom-relieving drugs include L-dopa, dopamine agonists, bromocriptine, ropinirole, cabergoline, and pergolide among others. Examples of surgical treatments for Parkinson’s disease patients are â€Å"deep brain stimulation, implantation of embryonic dopaminergic cells, and gene therapy† (Chao et al.). These surgical treatments generally aim for tempering motor and non-motor symptoms. Recently, the use of nutraceuticals has been widely employed as an alternative to treating degenerative symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. One example of nutraceuticals – essentially refers to â€Å"food or food products† (Chao et al.) that are scientifically found to provide medical and health benefits, and which exhibit potential preventive capabilities against certain diseases – are antioxidants like Vitamins C and E. According to Anderson et al., consuming foods

Canadian Plays - Einstein's Gift Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Canadian Plays - Einstein's Gift - Essay Example unce his German citizenship and migrate to the United States in 1933, but finally it is his theory of relativity that was made use of to make the atom bomb by the America he had adopted or where he tried to find solace. James Wallert who is Otto in the play and who has been Haber’s assistant for quite a long time is very persuasive in all his dealings. He had helped Haber in all his work but when he did not receive any credit for his actions, he left Haber and joined the opposite party. Haber makes use of his own uncle Ludwig who was supposedly killed in 1874 in Japan by a Samurai warrior. He makes use of these incidents to create a running anecdote for the plays progression. The end of this incident has his Uncle Ludwig and the samurai getting killed by their own weapons. Both Haber and Einstein were long distance friends for a good number of years. Though both of them were scientists they had conflicting views on Science and religion. While one of them believed in pure Science, the other believed in the practicality of Science, One such thing was religion. Though neither of the two were in any way religious, yet they had conflicting ideas on religion. Einstein did not deny his faith but never practiced it either, while Haber used his religion to try to satisfy his ambition by converting himself to Christianity. Though Einstein was not too religious and did not follow his religion well, yet, Haber presented him with the gift of a ‘kippah’ and a prayer shawl. The ‘kippah’ meaning ‘covering’ is the headdress (skull cap) of the Jewish men which according to the Jewish tradition symbolizes ‘moral perfection’ as seen in God Almighty. In the beginning, this tradition of the ‘kippah’ was followed by the Jewish priests but gradually it came to be adopted by even the lay people. The ‘kippah’ now symbolizes piety and an awareness that God is ever present with us and is worn by anyone who reads their Holy Book the ‘Torah’. Einstein has

DNA Replication Body System

DNA Replication Body System Mahbubul Alam Introduction The ability of a cell to sustain in a disorderly atmosphere depends on the precise duplication of the wide variety of inherited information carried in its DNA. This duplication process, called DNA duplication or replication, must happen before a cell can generate two genetically similar daughter cells. Keeping it in a cell also needs the constant surveillance and repair of its inherited details, as DNA can be harmed by chemicals and rays from the planet, and by injuries and reactive substances that happen inside the cell. DNA Replication The genetic content in a cellular is known as in the series of the heterocyclic amines of DNA. There are normally 46 lengths of DNA known as chromosomes in individual tissues. Particular parts, known as bodys genes, on each chromosome contain the genetic details which elevates people from each other. The bodys genes also contain the known as details necessary for the functionality of protein and minerals necessary for the regular features of the tissues. DNA replication to human reproductive processes The replication of the DNA molecule, also known as doubling, or polymerization, of a genetic phenomenon that ensures the self-duplication of the information contained in the chromosomes, particularly in the genes. This process occurs during the S interface (phase of the cell cycle, preparing to enter the cell division), being necessary for maintenance of the individual organic, allowing the development of the organism (growth), the replacement of injured tissue (epithelial) or where possible regeneration and propagation of hereditary traits, allowing the gamete formation containing reliable information on the species. For the event this process are indispensable some events involving the strand of the DNA molecule. Initially the filament of the template (parent molecule), has its double-stranded (polynucleotide chain: phosphoric grouping, pentose deoxyribose and nitrogenous base) separated due the breaking of hydrogen bonds, held between complementary nitrogenous bases. Prior to cellular department, the DNA content in the unique cellular must be replicated so that after cellular department, each new cellular contains the complete amount of DNA content. The procedure of DNA replication is usually known as replication (Hejna, 2000). The replication is known as semi conservative since each new cellular contains one string of unique DNA and one recently produced string of DNA. The unique polynucleotide string of DNA works as a design to details the functionality of the new contrasting polynucleotide of DNA (Dickerson, 1983). DNA replication at cellular level After identifying the replication of DNA template, the next step was to investigate the process as follows. Each parental strand of DNA will serve as template for the formation of a new complementary strand (review complementarity rule of nitrogenous bases) using the free nucleotides of each cell in the nucleoplasm. The end result is two new identical double-stranded DNA molecules with each other, with an original chain and other complementary newly synthesized. DNA Mutation One of the qualities of the inherited content, as identified in the component on nucleic chemicals, is the capability to demonstrate difference over time. This residence was necessary to describe why people within an inhabitants are not all genetically similar, and to describe how creatures progress. Mutation is placed as a failing to shop inherited details consistently (PBS. 2001). Types of Mutations Somatic vs. Gametic Mutation The repercussions of a mutation rely on where in an personal they happen. Some Mutations happen in frequent body cells; these are somatic Mutations. For example, someone who stays too enough time suntanning might encounter a mutation in an epidermis cellular. The repercussions of such a mutation are sensed only by the person. The epidermis cellular may create some issue (such as cancer malignancy, perhaps) due to the mutation, but because the mutation took place only in an epidermis cellular, it would not be approved on to following years (Cook, 1999). Some Mutations happen in germline cells. These cells generate the gametes; therefore, they are gametic Mutations. In most situations, such Mutations wouldnt even be discovered by the person. After all, the gametes dont perform a popular part in the day-to-day operate of the person. These Mutations, as opposed to the somatic Mutations, will be approved on to the next creation, because they happen in the cells that generate the next creation (Cook, 1999). Spontaneous vs. Induced Mutation Some Mutations happen as natural mistakes in DNA duplication (or due to mysterious chemical type reactions); these are known as natural Mutations. The rates of such Mutations have been established for many types. E. coli has a natural mutation amount of 1/108 (one mistake in every 108 nucleotides replicated). People have an increased natural mutation rate: between 1/106 and 1/105 (probably due to the greater complexness of human replication) (Baker Bell, 1998). Random Reversible The reversibility of many Mutations should recommend to you that the procedure is unique. Mutations do not happen in reaction to an incitement. In other terms, bacteriado not mutate to become anti-biotic tolerant as a reaction to experience medications. Instead, out of all of the Mutations happening in inhabitants of bacteria, some (a little percentage) will cause anti-biotic level of resistance. If that anti-biotic is experienced, those microbe cells with that particular mutation will survive; the vast majority of the cells that do not have the mutation will die (Pray, 2008). Mutations can be undoable. If a mutation happens once in a gene, there is a very little possibility that the mutated platform could mutate again to its unique kind. On the other hand, there are events when a mutation in a second, individual gene will come again the phenotype of the patient to an outrageous kind overall look (an unusual situation of two errors creating a right). This form of mutation is known as a suppressor mutation (Pray, 2008). Effects of Mutation Mutations can impact people in several different methods. Among the repercussions of mutation are the following (Dickerson, 1983): Change in a morphological feature. This means an apparent alternation in some actual typical of a patient. Most of the mutant phenotypes we have seen in this course have been of this kind (for example, brief vegetation instead of tall). Healthy or biochemical difference. A mutation may happen in a gene that encodes a compound engaged in a metabolic road, such as a compound engaged in the biosynthesis of a protein. If this happens, the patient can no more synthesize the protein, and must acquire from nutritional resources. Impact Of Genes And Chromosomes On Inherited Characteristics And Traits Genes comprise of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA contains the code, or outline, used to integrate a protein. Qualities fluctuate in size, contingent upon the sizes of the proteins for which they code. Every DNA particle is a long twofold helix that takes after a winding staircase containing a huge number of steps. The ventures of the staircase comprise of sets of four sorts of atoms called bases (nucleotides). In every step, the base adenine (An) is matched with the base thymine (T), or the base guanine (G) is combined with the base cytosine (C). Conclusion Because DNA duplication is so important to creatures, an excellent deal of attempt has been dedicated to knowing its procedure. The replication of E. coli DNA is probably best recognized and is the focus of interest in this area. The procedure in eucaryotic cells is believed to be identical, and hence the study of DNA has become such an important aspect in the field of microbiology and biotechnology. Through the study of DNA the agriculture sector is also being facilitated through the means of genetic mutation of seeds of various fruits, vegetables and grains (Johnson, 1993). Task # 2 Human Body System The Digestive System is made up of organs that break down food into protein, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and fats, which the body needs for energy, growth, and repair. After the food is chewed and swallowed, it goes down the throat and enters the stomach. It is further broken down by powerful stomach acids. From the stomach the food travels into the small intestine. This is where your food is broken down into nutrients that can enter the bloodstream through tiny hair-like projections. The excess food that the body doesnt need or cant digest is turned into waste and is eliminated from the body. The digestive system is a key component of everyday life due to the fact it handles all the intake of water and food sources. The Muscular System is comprised of tissues that work with the skeletal system to control development of the body. A few muscles like the ones in your arms and legs are willful, implying that you choose when to move them. Different muscles, in the same way as the ones in your stomach, heart, digestion tracts and different organs, are automatic. This implies that they are controlled consequently by the nervous system and hormones you regularly dont even understand theyre grinding away. Without the muscle system the body would be pretty much as motionless as ocean weed. There would more corpulence and a more quickly developing demise rate. The Nervous System is made up of the brain, the spinal cord, and nerves. One of the most important systems in your body, the nervous system is your bodys control system. It sends, receives, and processes nerve impulses throughout the body. These nerve impulses tell your muscles and organs what to do and how to respond to the environment. There are three parts of your nervous system that work together: the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, and the autonomic nervous system. The most important part of the human body; plain and simple if you kill the head the body will follow. The Reproductive System allows humans to produce children. Sperm from the male fertilizes the females egg, or ovum, in the fallopian tube. The fertilized egg travels from the fallopian tube to the uterus, where the fetus develops over a period of nine months. Most would think that it’s not important but with no reproductive organs the world would have been unpopulated long time ago. Physiological Processes of Organs Human physiology is a discipline that is focused on the study of the functions of the human body. It is an area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹biology, anatomy closely related. The study of human physiology is as old as the origins of Medicine. Many knowledge on this field have been acquired through the study of animal physiology, through experimentation on animals. he human body through its physiological processes has several mechanisms to control the conditions of the internal environment and state of the body. These mechanisms are responsible for maintaining body temperature, blood pressure, blood pH, ion concentration and adequate oxygen, among other important factors, being disturbed, would endanger the maintenance of homeostasis and normal functions of the body human. Skin The skin is the largest organ of the human body and, among other functions, is responsible for tact. It is through her that we perceive as heat and pain sensations.The skin has thousands of receptor cells on its surface. Tongue The tongue has receptors called taste buds, responsible for taste. The papillae are chemoreceptor, does that mean that they are specialized to detect the presence of chemicals. Knew the language has a unique and exclusive impression, similar to fingerprint? There are specialized taste buds in the perception of four basic flavors: sweet, bitter, sour and salty. Each type of papilla is located in a specific region of the tongue. The combination of these four types of stimuli receptors to the nervous system transmits information about, for example, the flavor of the foods you eat. Nose The nose is the organ that contains the receptors responsible for the smell. Within the nasal cavity, there is a specialized tissue, the olfactory epithelium, which contains thousands of receivers, called olfactory cells. Olfactory sensory cells possess by that pick or other volatile substances dispersed in inspired air molecules. In response to the presence of these molecules, olfactory cells produce nerve stimuli. These are conducted to the central nervous system where they are translated into sensations. Ears Ears healthy organs responsible for hearing and balance. Inside the ear are mecanorreceptoras cells. These cells capture mechanical stimuli, translating them into nerve impulses. The semicircular canals are also filled with fluid and having a plurality of hair receiving cells. As the head and the body move the liquid within the channels moves and presses the cilia of the sensory cells. These capture the stimulus and transmit nerve impulses to the central nervous system. Eyes The photoreceptor cells have eyes, i.e. light stimuli capable of capturing, producing nerve stimuli transmitted to the central nervous system. These cells are located in the retina, a layer of lining of the eye, and are of two types: rods and cones. The rods are very sensitive to changes in light intensity, but not distinguish colors, which is performed by the cones. The bright rays penetrate the eye and pass through the pupil. The pupil is a structure capable of controlling the amount of light that enters the eye. Role of Organs of Special Sense in Homeostasis The human body is continuously bombarded by all kinds of stimuli. Some of these stimuli are received by sensory receptors distributed throughout the entire body. Other stimuli are received by highly complex receptor organs. These are referred to as the special senses. From each special sense organ, information is sent to the brain through specific cranial nerves. When the information reaches the specific area of the brains cerebral cortex, it is perceived at the conscious level as sight, sound, smell, taste, and balance. These special senses allow us to detect changes in our environment, providing information necessary for homeostasis. The role of internal and external environment is immense in the context of organs of special sense. Osmoregulation Osmoregulation is the process by which living organisms remain relatively constant it internally so that their chemical composition varies little. To do this, agencies should regulate the entry and exit of water, minerals and other substances. Aquatic unicellular organisms such as bacteria and many protozoans are in constant contact with water and this greatly facilitates this process. In multicellular organisms, however, only some cell surfaces are in contact with the external environment, while the internal cells are surrounded by an extracellular fluid that has a composition and characteristics different to those of the environment. The main function of osmoregulation is to maintain the chemical composition of the cell cytoplasm and internal fluids within the limits that can develop a kind. Thermoregulation Thermoregulation or temperature control is the ability of a biological organism to change its temperature, within certain limits, even when the surrounding temperature is very different. The term is used to describe the processes that maintain the balance between gain and loss of heat . If one adds or removes a given amount of heat to an object, its temperature increases or decreases, respectively, in an amount that depends on theheat capacity in an environment specific. At steady state, the rate at which heat (produced thermogenesis ) is balanced by the rate at which heat is dissipated to the atmosphere ( thermolysis). If thermolysis imbalance thermogenesis and a change in the rate of heat storage body and consequently a change in the heat content of the body and at body temperature. Thermoregulatory or bodies homeotermos essentially maintain constant body temperature in a range of environmental conditions. Moreover, thetermoconformistas or poiquilotermos are organisms whose body temperature varies with the ambient conditions. According to the method of production of heat, organisms are classified in endotherms and ectotherms . The endotherms organisms control body temperature by internal heat production, and usually maintain that temperature above the ambient temperature. Ectotherms organisms depend, to regulate their body temperature, essentially a heat source (Lyman, 2012). In the case of human body temperature is approximately 37. More precisely, the average temperature in humans is 36.7 ºC, although it can vary from subject to subject, and 95% of subjects have a temperature between 36.3 and 37.1 ºC. On the other hand, the temperature in a subject can vary throughout the day, being a little lower at dawn and 0.5  ° C higher in the evening. During sleep the worst and regulates temperature tends to drop. In women the temperature rises half a degree in the second half of the menstrual cycle, after ovulation. To maintain this temperature constant, there are multiple mechanisms, but are controlled by the hypothalamus, where the temperature control is centralized. The hypothalamus is responsible for regulating the properties of the internal environment, such as salt concentration or temperature. The hypothalamus works similar to a home thermostat. When the temperature of the house is lower than that at which we set the thermostat, it starts heating until the temperature is equal to the desired. If the temperature of the house is greater than the set point, the heating stops the temperature drops. The hypothalamus measures the temperature in the hypothalamus itself, there are some neurons in the hypothalamus region which are sensitive to temperature. Besides the hypothalamus receives temperature information elsewhere in the body, especially the skin temperature, and this information will come from sensory nerve fibers sensitive to temperature. The hypothalamus compares the temperature in the hypothalamus and in the skin with the reference value of 37, if the body temperature is greater than 37 puts in place mechanisms to decrease, if you are under 37 makes it rise. When there is a discrepancy between the core temperature in the hypothalamus, and the skin temperature, for example if the temperature is higher than 37C (in) hypothalamus and (in) skin is (will be) less than 37, preferably taking the core temperature.

Oregon measure

Introduction In 1994, voters of Oregon passed Measure 11,which forced long compulsory prison terms for 16 designated violent and sex-related offenses, prohibited â€Å"earned time,†1 and provided for mandatory waiver of youthful offenders to adult court. This measure stood in sharp contrast to sentencing practices at that time, overlaying the state’s existing sentencing guidelines system for selected offenses, increasing the length of prison terms imposed, and reducing judicial discretion at the sentencing phase.The main challenge facing everyone is ‘Should Measure11 be repealed’.   Yes  Claims For Removal Of Measure 11According to studies undertaken, if measure 11 were repealed, Oregon would save over $612 million in the next 10 years. The savings on new prison construction alone would be $153.6 million dollars between 2000 and 2010. For some crimes that are money worth spending, but for stealing two tires, or stealing a petty amount, and bus pass or f ighting, that is wasting our tax dollars that should be going to schools/education, instead of prisons.Mandatory minimum sentencing means one has to serve every hour of every day of ones sentence no matter what. No good time, no early release, no boot camp. As high as 67% people, under Measure 11 ‘Are First Time Offenders’ and 35% are under 21 years of age.Instead of warehousing people and spending money on more prisons, we should be investing in prevention programs, and look for a substitute to sentencing plans that have been proven to be far more successful with far less cost.In the present form, Measure 11 sentences surpass any lesser existing guideline sentences for 21 violent and sex offenses —the original 16, plus 5 more added later.   Sentences range from 70 months for second-degree assault, kidnapping, robbery, and certain sex offenses, to 300 months for murder. Penalties may not be reduced because of the offender ’s prior record —regardle ss of whether an offender has a criminal record, or the length of such record, minimum sentences are the same for all offenders.Thus, some penalties are actually higher under sentencing guidelines in instances where an offender has an extensive criminal record. In general, however, Measure 11 penalties are longer than those imposed under sentencing guidelines. Juveniles aged 15 years or older are also subject to the measure.   Many people believe that the measure would negatively affect criminal justice system operations, and reduce system integrity. In terms of system operation, opponents expected the measure to lead to an increase in jury trials and prison populations, overburdening both the courts and the correctional system. At the same time, they expected an increase in jail sentences.People opposing this; feel that Measure 11 trials are an undesirable risk, because mandatory sentences eliminate any possibility of judicial caution in sentencing. Rep. Bowman believes that a ju dge should have some liberty, in setting the sentence for the person found guilty, after investigating all the facts in the case and the background of the defendant. Many of them think that juveniles deserve some consideration from the judge. Judges feel that Measure 11 is too harsh in some cases. Some Assault II and Robbery II charges are uncertain, and sex offenses are serious because of lifetime registry requirements, but judges have no choice but to impose the obligatory sentences.Judge Sullivan remarks opponents’ concerns about lengthy sentences for juveniles. There are very few services provided to those in the adult system. With no possibility of early release, juveniles have no incentives to re-establish themselves. Defense attorney Wehmeyer also mentions that prisoners cannot earn good time for earlier release and have no enthusiasm to behave. Jackson County officials are concerned that Measure 11 focuses on punishment instead of rehabilitation. Rep. Bowman believes that funds would be bettered spent on treatment and therapy than on mandatory prison terms.Rep. Bowman is concerned that Measure 11 discriminates against racial minorities and the poor, who cannot afford high-priced lawyers. She points to statistics that show that although African-Americans comprise only 2 percent of the state’s juvenile population, they are 16 percent of the juveniles serving time under Measure 11. Multnomah County’s Juvenile Crime Trends Report of March 1999 confirms that â€Å"despite being approximately 10% of the total youth population (10-17 yrs.). In Multnomah County, African-Americans are over-represented in the juvenile justice system at 21% to 23% of the offender population.†Opponents point out that juvenile crime had been decreasing both nationally and in Oregon before Measure 11 was implemented. They believe that the measure was harsh and inflexible, and that it discriminated against racial minorities and the poor.Counter ArgumentPro ponents of the measure believed that these enhanced penalties would improve public safety by deterring future criminal behavior and increasing the length of time that felons who commit serious crimes spend in prison.District attorney Hehn believes that the certainty of mandatory prison terms is a â€Å"real deterrent† to criminal behavior by juveniles. She feels that juveniles did not take the previous juvenile justice system seriously. District attorney Heiser also feels that Measure 11 has been a restriction for younger teens and a reflection that the public was â€Å"fed up with coddling teenagers.†Measure 11 did have an impact on the crime rates in Oregon. Crime rates, particularly for violent crime, declined in Oregon after 1995. According to various surveys the findings are consistent with the possibility that Measure 11 may have been at least partly responsible for this decline, such   findings   do   not   provide clear evidence   of a causal link. An examination of otherfactors, different opinions, and further surveys, would need to be made before definite conclusions can be drawn.The only things unforeseen about Measure 11 are, that the drop in crime has been far greater than expected and the cost has been far less than predicted. As per studies, Oregon's violent crime rate dropped 41 percent from 1995 to 2001 while the number of extra prison beds required by Measure 11 was less than half the original estimate.ConclusionMeasure 11 has been in effect for only four years. It is difficult to determine its total, long-term effects on public safety and justice in Oregon. It remains a highly charged and emotional issue.The result of various studies indicate that passage of Measure 11 has altered sentencing and case processing practices for those charged with serious person offenses in the state of Oregon. While some of these were planned system changes, others were unplanned and are not fully understood. The measure can be considere d a success in that it has accomplished its intended goal of increasing the length of prison sentences for offenders convicted of Measure11- eligible offenses. However, since passage of the measure, fewer offenders have been sentenced for the Measure 11 offenses, and a greater proportion have been sentenced for Measure11-alternate offenses.Analyses suggest that this move resulted from the use of prosecutorial caution and the reduction of cases which, though technically Measure11-eligible, were not deemed appropriate for the associated mandatory minimum penalty. Although the selective use of Measure 11, along with Oregon ’s prison construction program and reduced crime rates, has enabled the state to avoid the negative consequences of prison overcrowding, the process by which cases are being chosen for either full or partial prosecution is unclear. Prosecutors who were interviewed were confident in their ability to apply the measure properly; however, it is not clear what crit eria were used in making their decisions, or whether these criteria were constantly and equitably  applied. Further research should address how discretion is exercised and charging decisions made under Measure 11.Oregon ’s Measure 11 introduced bold changes into the sentencing structure of the state. Surveys addressed the execution and impact of the measure on prosecution, sentencing, and convictions, both statewide and in three other counties also. As with many policy changes, some of the observed consequences were expected, others were not. Further research and experience with the measure will provide more definitive answers to the questions raised.There are many things said about Measure 11.   This measure has its share of pros and cons.   Whatever be it, offenders above 15 should be given a fair chance for rehabilitation, proper education and good facilities. The offenders should have separate premises and not be clubbed with the adult offenders.   The introductio n of the Measure 11 is mainly to reduce the rate of crime in teenagers, and it should focus on that aspect only.Hence it is very necessary that Measure 11 should live up to its standards and abide by the rules and regulations of the law.Works Cited  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oregon Mandatory Min Sentencing Law Measure 11† Oregon Department of Corrections Statistics, 6 December 2006. ;http://www.angelfire.com/ms/oregonmeasure11/;.Bob, Dee Dee Kouns, Crime Victims United, 6 December 2006;http://www.crimevictimsunited.org/measure11/rebuttal.htm;.League of Women Voters of Oregon Education Fund, 6 December 2006,

Obamacare: a Threat to America

President Barack Obama has been written into the history books for becoming the first African American president of the United States. The president plans on changing history again by bringing universal health care into the United States, which has won him much popularity among Democratic voters. President Obama’s speeches are adored by his fans but raise many red flags for the majority of America. Major concerns Americans have with President Obama’s two proposed health-care bills are that health-care options will no longer be available, the real cost of Obamacare, and small businesses.As many Americans believe Presidents Obama’s health-care plan is what the United States has needed for decades, considering he did get elected, his polices will prove to be a bane for the United States. The main concern for many Americans about the Obama’s Health-Care plan is the fact that they will lose the freedom to choose. Choosing health-care benefits, doctors, and high -deductable coverage is important to every insured American citizen, so why would Obama change that?In his speeches, Obama has promised Americans that they will be able to keep their existing health-care coverage but the proposed bills tell a different story. Both bills necessitate that Americans buy approved plans that have a number of universal benefits or face penalties. Even with a five year grace period given to big employers to convert to the new plans, there will be no options if the bills are passed. Choosing what benefits are included in one’s health-care plan often times saves money that could put food on the table for a struggling family.Several states have already imposed a list of required benefits for health-care plans; everyone from â€Å"chiropractors to alcohol-abuse counselors† competes to be included on lists of required benefits (Tully). This competition is one reason health-care costs continue to rise. A few of the mandated benefits of the bills in clude coverage for prescription drugs, substance-abuse services, mental-health services, as well as insuring â€Å"children† until they reach 26 years of age. Before the bills are finalized, the Department of Health and Human Services will hire â€Å"experts† to complete he list (Tully). Thus, nobody will know exactly what this standardized list of benefits will include until the bills are passed. For some Americans, choosing their doctors is very important. Whatever the reason, some people feel more comfortable around certain doctors than others. Why would Obama take away such a simple freedom? With passing of the bills, Americans will be assigned primary care physicians who then will assign patients to specialists, if needed. It is up to the â€Å"gate-keeper† which specialist the patients sees and when.Of course, the choice is to be made on which route is the most â€Å"cost-effective† (Tully). The situation only gets worse when primary care physicians deny patients care, and still get paid. Another freedom Obama’s Health-Care bills will strip from Americans is the choice of high-deductable coverage. Currently about 5 million Americans take advantage of Health Savings Accounts (HSA) offered by their employers (Tully). These work when an employee puts money into the account, requiring the employer to make an equivalent deposit.Employees use Health Savings Accounts to pay for high-deductable coverage plans which, in turn, they use to cover several-thousand dollar medical bills. With high-deductable plans, patients are to cover regular doctor visits themselves; HSAs help cover these bills as well. The proposed bills cause great concern to HSA participants for the simple fact that they will no longer be able to choose a plan with â€Å"stripped† benefits. To rub salt on an open wound, John Goodman of the National Center for Policy Analysis says, â€Å"The government could set extremely low deductibles that would elimin ate HSAs..And they could do it after the bills are passed. † Mandating minimum benefit packages will only drive up medical costs for those who now rely on HSAs to cover medical expenses, ending â€Å"consumer-driven† care (Tully). By eliminating money coming in from independent consumers instead of big insurance companies, the proposed bills will snuff out any type of market health-care now has. Another major concern for Americans about Obamacare is a topic President Obama would rather not mention: cost.According to the Congressional Budget Office, the price tag of the bill coming from the Senate Health Committee would be approximately $1 trillion spanning ten years, and that would only cover a small portion of uninsured Americans. Even worse, the Congressional Budget Office estimates another bill from the Senate Finance Committee at over $1. 6 trillion (Reich). These numbers come at the worst possible time when the United States deficit has reached an all-time high at over $14 trillion as of January (Sahadi).This begs the question, how does Obama expect to pay for these tremendous bills? The answer: Obama plans to raise taxes. Though Medicare cuts and increased taxes will pay for much of the immediate â€Å"overhaul,† according to the proposed bills, the first sign federal tax credits will not be seen until 2013. Only eligible small businesses, up to 25 employees, can receive very limited tax credits up to 35% towards employee health coverage, which Obama hopes will persuade small businesses to offer employee health-care plans (Fox News).But in reality, the cuts affects only one-third of small businesses, leaving the nearly rest of America to get insurance through their big business employer or buy it themselves (Danner). The United States is less than $300 billion away from our debt ceiling, what would another $1 trillion in debt do to our country? Experts predict â€Å"crippling† results. Even in the best case scenario, the value of U. S. bonds and currency would be destroyed. If the U. S. did default, markets around the world would see the effects (Sahadi). If the U. S. overnment is about to lose the ability to pay its own bills, why is the president trying to reform health-care knowing it will add to the already outstanding debt? Small business are another key concern for Americans as President Obama is pushing harder than ever for his proposed health bills. In his campaign Obama ensured Americans that his bills will include benefits for small business, however that is not the case. Looking closely, the proposed tax credits for small businesses will put each small business through a series of tests to decide whether it is eligible for the credit and how much they could receive.With less than one-third of small businesses fully eligible under the restrictions, President Obama’s Health-Care plan will leave Americans with few options when it comes to health-care. Even more, the president neglects to me ntion is that his tax credits for small business are only temporary, six years at the most (Danner). After the credits run out, small businesses will be forced to pay full price for employee health costs, driving up the cost of business dramatically.Businesses that cannot afford the full price tag of employee coverage and newly imposed taxes will have no choice but go out of business. Small businesses created 64% of all new jobs in the last 15 years; the idea of unemployment taking another dramatic rise caused by the closing of numerous small businesses is something the current economy of the United States cannot handle (SBA. gov). There is no doubt Americans like President Obama but when a record number of Americans lose their jobs because of his bills, what will Americans think of him then?There is no doubt President Obama is an excellent speaker but his way with words hides truths that Americans need to know. Now that these truths have leaked out to the public, Americans are conc erned about many different aspects of the president’s proposed bills. Understand, the idea of every American citizen having health insurance sounds great to everybody, but at what cost? Major concerns of American citizens are that health-care options will no longer be available, the real cost of Obamacare, and small businesses.President Obama’s promise that Americans could keep their current plans has been proven bogus, he has neglected to mention the tremendous costs of his proposed health-care bills, and these bills could irreversibly damage the American economy; is Obama the change that America was searching for? As his 2,000 page documents conceal the truths behind his proposed ideas, President Obama’s health-care plan has proven itself to be yet another bane that could very possibly be placed on top the United States’ already weighted shoulders.

Free Essays on Inevitable Fate Of Achilleus

To become honourable, one must show their courage, strength, stamina and leadership. Thus honour, also known as timà §, is most commonly gained on the battlefield and is a virtue amongst the mortals in Homeric society. When Achilleus was given a choice of destiny, he chose the short victorious life that was full of individual honour. Achilleus later withdraws himself from the battle, knowing full well that he will lose his timà §. However, despite Achilleus’ attempt to dismiss personal honour, his fate of living an honourable life is inevitable. After being dishonoured by Agamemnon, Achilleus withdraws himself from the battle. Achilleus, who is considered the greatest warrior, acknowledges the fact that withdrawing himself from battle means that he will lose his chance to become honorable. This is understood when he says â€Å"I carry two sorts of destiny toward my day of death. Either, if I stay here and fight beside the city of the Trojans, my return here is gone, but my glory shall be everlasting; but if I return home to the beloved land of my fathers, the excellence of my glory is gone, but there will be a long life left for me, and my death will not come to me quickly. † (Il. 9.412-416). Although Agamemnon displays his regret by offering many gifts, Achilleus still avoids the battle, thus avoiding an honourable life. However, Achilleus fails to realize that he has already chosen his destiny: to live a short life, with everlasting glory (Il.1.416). Dishonourment, combined with lack of ambition, is what ultimately drives Achilleus to avoid the battle. â€Å"From all [the cities we sacked] we took treasures, goodly and numerous, and we would bring them back, and give them to Agamemnon, Atreus’ son; while he, waiting back beside the swift ships, would take them, and distribute them little by little, and keep many. All the other prizes of honur he gave the great men and the princes are held fast by them, but from me alon... Free Essays on Inevitable Fate Of Achilleus Free Essays on Inevitable Fate Of Achilleus To become honourable, one must show their courage, strength, stamina and leadership. Thus honour, also known as timà §, is most commonly gained on the battlefield and is a virtue amongst the mortals in Homeric society. When Achilleus was given a choice of destiny, he chose the short victorious life that was full of individual honour. Achilleus later withdraws himself from the battle, knowing full well that he will lose his timà §. However, despite Achilleus’ attempt to dismiss personal honour, his fate of living an honourable life is inevitable. After being dishonoured by Agamemnon, Achilleus withdraws himself from the battle. Achilleus, who is considered the greatest warrior, acknowledges the fact that withdrawing himself from battle means that he will lose his chance to become honorable. This is understood when he says â€Å"I carry two sorts of destiny toward my day of death. Either, if I stay here and fight beside the city of the Trojans, my return here is gone, but my glory shall be everlasting; but if I return home to the beloved land of my fathers, the excellence of my glory is gone, but there will be a long life left for me, and my death will not come to me quickly. † (Il. 9.412-416). Although Agamemnon displays his regret by offering many gifts, Achilleus still avoids the battle, thus avoiding an honourable life. However, Achilleus fails to realize that he has already chosen his destiny: to live a short life, with everlasting glory (Il.1.416). Dishonourment, combined with lack of ambition, is what ultimately drives Achilleus to avoid the battle. â€Å"From all [the cities we sacked] we took treasures, goodly and numerous, and we would bring them back, and give them to Agamemnon, Atreus’ son; while he, waiting back beside the swift ships, would take them, and distribute them little by little, and keep many. All the other prizes of honur he gave the great men and the princes are held fast by them, but from me alon...

Lets Chop Their Pork essays

Let's Chop Their Pork essays Lets Chop Their Pork Last August, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo announced that our country is in a fiscal crisis. In simpler terms, we are facing financial problems. And it is evident that our government is trying to do something about this. But is it really working? What could be done to really solve this? Or at least lighten up the load regarding monetary problems? One thing our government is trying to do is cutting down Internal Revenue Allotments, better known as IRAs by 30% and honoraria allocated for public leaders and workers (Disaster A8). But what they are trying to do is not going to get us out of our predicament soon. First, what is this IRA and honorarium our government is trying to cut? Internal Revenue Allotments are the funds given to Local Government Units (LGUs) by the National Government as their (the LGUs) part of the National Budget. It is the fund used for Municipal and Local projects such as town plazas, infrastructures, public schools and the like. Honorarium on the other hand, is Public Leaders (or professionals) pay or the fee for the service they provide as defined in the MSN Encarta. And Public Leaders would not allow it, the IRA and honoraria, to be cut as it seems to appear in the development of this proposal. As a matter of fact, Metro Manila mayors have only agreed to freeze their IRA increase for the next two yea rs, not the exact idea of our government. They say that IRA cuts will have adverse effects on the services they would want to provide their constituents (Chavez 8). In addition, IRA is the lifeblood of LGUs and if it would be cut, people in poor provinces and municipalities will suffer according to the League of Governors in the Philippines. They add that they commit to use their IRAs for projects that would provide development and benefits (Maglalang 2). On the part of honoraria cuts, it would be not much of a help too even if we try cutting them ...

Families, society and school Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Families, society and school - Research Paper Example The city covers an area of approximately 71 square miles, where population is considered quite dense, as 34,919.6 individuals cover every square mile (â€Å"Brookly (Borough), New York,† 2009). The general household figures in Brooklyn reaches to 21,544, with typical incomes average at 56,293$ (â€Å"Brooklyn: City Profile,† 2011). Considering the demographic background, the combination of lower median incomes and densely populated area appeared to converge on one critical issue, family homelessness. Brooklyn City had been recorded to have one of the highest percentages of family homelessness in the state of New York, with a result of 2.86 families, in overall result of 2.90, utilizing shelter programs (â€Å"Brooklyn, n.d.†). While families in such category struggle to meet the basic needs of food, water and safe shelter, and basic education of the children (among other child needs) appeared to be neglected in the process. Children, unlike the adult groups, requ ire consistent guidance and protection, as they are not yet equipped with developmental maturity to hold stable jobs. At most, they are at high risk for failure, as their homeless status makes them more liable to experience â€Å"economic deprivation, family loss or separation (and) social and emotional instability† (Mickelson, 2000, p. 66). As they cannot afford to enroll in exclusive middle schools, most go to public middle schools, such as the Seth Low School. Situated in Brooklyn’s Bensohurst area, Seth Low School is classified as a middle school catering to students from grades six to eight. The said school is considered a vital educational institution in Brooklyn communities, as it has provided quality service for over 80 years (â€Å"Seth Low,† 2010, p. 5). On average, students enrolled in the school frequently reach to more than a thousand, while the teaching staff in-charge in classroom lessons totaled to 74 instructors. Majority of the students are Asi ans, closely followed by White Americans, and some small percentages of Black Americans and Hispanic children (â€Å"I.S 96 Seth Low,† 2011). Committed to achieve the ultimate goal of the school for academic excellence, a variety of programs had been offered to support students in their studies, such as â€Å"special education students.† In line with this, other academic improvements also aimed at involving the families of the school’s students in learning, including the two-year project on integrated computer education, providing computer sets to selected families as part of the â€Å"Computers for the Youth Initiative.† More importantly, community involvement had been considered for the development of its students, partnering with â€Å"FIAO (Italian-American Organizations)† for the sponsorship of student programs that takes place at the end of the day and during weekends. Significantly, collaboration in community settings does not end here, as f ormal links had been forged to promote initiatives on â€Å"Counseling in Schools, Creative Connections, and the Leadership† (â€Å"Seth Low,† 2010, p. 5). Such activities demonstrated the multi-dimensional approach that the school had employed, focusing on the environment factors, such as the family and community that shape their students’

Non western art history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Non western art history - Essay Example The museum contains a collection of more than 14,000 artwork of different artists from Asia, which includes paintings, sculptures, ceramics, textiles etc. Apart from the artwork, there is a research library, which contains more than 7,000 reference books about the art and culture of Asian and Pacific region. The museum contains a lot of interesting and beautiful art pieces by various artists. The sculptures are amazing, because they gave a good view of the culture and art of the region, and I saw many sculptures of Buddha, made in Bronze, Gold etc. I saw a picture by Elizabeth Keith, it was named as â€Å"The Cock Fight†, and it was made I China. The painting is placed in the â€Å"Oriental list† of the museum. Elizabeth Keith was born in Scotland, and is known to be a great artist, and an interesting thing about her is that she was self-taught. Her sister married an English publisher, who lives in the Asia and Pacific region and works in Japan at that time. Elizabeth w ent to Japan to meet her sister in1915, and stayed there for quiet a long time. She thought to explore the region and visited the neighboring countries, such as China, Korea and Philippines. She spent her time in water painting the interesting and fascinating scenes, which she witnessed. She made quiet a number of paintings in that time and when she came back in Japan to her sister, she was able to hold an exhibition of her paintings. After looking at her paintings, the entrepreneurial Japanese print publisher, Watanabe Schozaburo., persuaded her to move further on this regard. He convinced her that his carvers and printers would produce woodblock prints for some of her watercolor paintings and this will enhance her work as an artist. This idea fascinated Elizabeth Keith and she prolonged her stay in Japan, and started learning woodblock printing. Her work was highly appreciated and she met success in Japan and her publisher was sure that she would get a huge response in Europe and America as well. Fritz Capelari, who is an Australian artist, influenced Elizabeth Keith work and Watanabe also published his work. Elizabeth Keith traveled a lot in Asia and especially in East Asia and produced number of paintings, which reflect the culture of the region. Her paintings are very popular in United States and European countries and are counted as an important work when talked about the Asian and Pacific Art. Most of her work was displayed in Watanabe studio and was destroyed in the earthquake, which hit Tokyo in 1923. She went to France for studying Art and stayed for almost six years, but her love for the Eastern region made her come back to Japan and she stayed there for few years, until the World War II started. She came to United States of America, where she completed the remaining years of