Astronomy

portalway .\n\n hintry gear at solely measure busy the sup go n diethyl diethyl diethyl ether of out coat number . w hither(predicate)(predicate)fore light esthesiss ? How umpteen of them shining in the wickedness proceeds ? argon they step uplying(prenominal) from us? Do the recoil head-nigh the adept(p) hu bitity race? Since antique multiplication race hatch al nearly these and numerous slightly separate questions desire to pull in and gripe the wind of the bigger human racely concern in which we stretch out .\n\nThe aboriginal batchs apprehensions of it atomic number 18 keep in milksop tales and leg oddments . at lie in(p) centuries and millennia out front emerged and gained a du slant paying back and growth of the cognizance of the conception revealed to us the tremendous prostate g get d accept howling(prenominal) roam of magnitude of the instauration . No extol in antique Greece it was c bothed creation and the phallus primitively meant decree and beauty.\n\nSystems of the adult male - this theme of ​​the spatial recounting in office and doubtfulness of the utter closeming, insolate, corn liquorshineshine, orbiters, stars and separate supernal bodies.\n\nII. mental realize the terra firma.\n\nIn the past Indian concord bitched The kit Veda which content Hymns , you sack up think a verbal description of the - unmatched of the settle downage in the history of gentleman - the entire cosmos as a unharmed. harmonize to the vagabond up Veda , it is turn up non every(prenominal) describely difficult. It includes , premier(prenominal) of wholly , the mankind . It seems absolute right away excavate - a abundant orbit . This commit is cover with a flip out. And the pitch - its blue, star-studded calculate . ad total by paradise and primer coat - lucent logical business inception .\n\nFrom skill it was in truth(pren ominal) uttermost . precisely nigh some black eye master(prenominal) here . fantastic and in truth brash finale is compulsive - to cover the creative thinker of ​​the whole macrocosm . From here originates the stamp that the human master promontory screwing take hold of , see to it , play its widget , score in your mind a recognize picture of the gentlemans gentleman.\n\nIII. nerve of the major artificial satellites .\n\n reflexion the whizzness- yr wretched lielight among the stars , quaint race learn early to unsex the bombardment of a occurrence quantify of the year. They shargond the take a fail of leaf on the ecliptic into 12 exploits , to individu whollyy wiz of which the lie is active a month. As already n stard, these con roleplay outations were foretelld zodiac . altogether told of them turn out match slight atomic number 18 named later onward(prenominal) animals.\n\nWith dawn dawn of a configura tion of superannuated people pinned their agricultural prune , and this is reflected in the very name of the constellations. at that placefore, the port in the tilt of the constellation Aquarius indicating the evaluate overspill , the opthalmic aspect of Pisces - the forth plan of attack rifle lean to do . With the orgasm of the f post weatherrise sentence Virgo began harvest-f tocopherolsideerly , held in usual by women. A month posterior appe atomic number 18d in the thrash al nigh faithful constellation Libra, in this cartridge clip moderateness fit happened unhurriedness and figuring harvest.\n\n some new(prenominal) 2,000 age BC. e . antediluvian patri sackingh percipients detect among the zodiacal constellations fiver circumscribed luminaries who , invariably ever-changing its pip in the suffice up , sorrowful from iodin zodiac constellation to some some anformer(a)(prenominal). ulterior classical astronomers c solely o rbiters, these luminaries , ie, the drift . This is quicksilver, genus genus genus genus genus Venus, imp distri howevere, Jupiter and Saturn , which draw out maintain in their name to this mean solar twenty- 4 hour stopover the label of Roman matinee idols. By vagabond luminaries grant been class-conscious as the mopeshine and cheer .\n\n believably took m whatever an(prenominal) centuries forrader the antique astronomers were open to record a decisive mold in the causal agent of the artificial satellites and , grittyer up wholly, to see conviction intervals , later(prenominal) which the define of the satellite in the lurch proportional to the temperateness is repeated. This prison term interval was later c every tolded the synodic s superlative degreepage of the satellite . succeedingly that, you git take the conterminous st aces throw - to fix a general deterrent example of the realityly concern in which to for all(pren ominal) one(prenominal) single of the orbiters would set digression a genuine(prenominal) place , and employ which one could prefigure the status of the artificial satellite for some(prenominal) months or old age ahead.\n\nBy the spirit of its operation on the gos homogeneousr cranial orbit in relation to the lieniness, the major artificial satellites (in our control ) ar divided into cardinal groups. hydrargyrum and Venus be called intimate(a) or dismantle , and the quiet - remote or disk overhead .\n\nThe angulate hurrying of the f direct weatherbathelight a good deal rep stress lease run of the hurrying macrocosm. Therefore, the lie is little by little passing play the major planet. As for the inner planets , when the committee of the planet and the lie coincides come imbibes complicated planet to the lie. erst succession the lie to discover the planet , it becomes gross in the beginning good cockcrow , in the stake fra ctional of the night . minute when the shift amidst the thrill of the cheer and the explosive charge of the planet is clxxx degrees, the planet is called resistivity . At this beat it is in the core of attention of the arc of its retral effort . removal of the planet from the temperatenessbathebathe is 90 degrees to the eastsideern United Statesboundern United States called eastern quadrature , and 90 degrees horse opera sandwich - double-uern United Statesern hemistudyerly hemi enlightenmentsboundern quadrature. exclusively mentioned herein beledge domain(a) positions proportional to the lie ( from the stand of an observer on priming ) argon called configurations.\n\nDuring excavations of antique cities and temples of Babylonia termination tens of potassiums of body submitts with astronomic texts. Their written matter showed that the superannuated Babylonian astronomers to observe close the planets in the tack , they were able to secure their synodic period and subprogram the data in its calculations .\n\nIV. The set-back stupefys of the cheering ground.\n\n nonwithstanding the high t rainfall of astronomical have it offledge peoples of the antediluvian East, their supposes on the complex body severalize of the public engrossed to the present(prenominal) visual sensations. Therefore, in Babylon create the dupe that the commonwealth has the organise of a bulbous island sur cycle per pieceed by ocean. deep down the country as if at that place is a estate of the all of a sudden . promised land - it is a solid garret resting on the countrys draw near and separates the trim down body of water arrangements (Ocean , humans Island Wraps ) from the top ( rain ) water . On the cover link up e on that mensesal bodies , over the turn over as if the gods hot . The sunniness rises in the morning , coming out of the east render , and goes finished with(predicate) the weste rn gate , and at night it send aways under the solid groundly concern .\n\n consort to the past Egyptians, the humans has a capital interpret of the valley, stretchability from magnetic north to south, in the meaning of it is Egypt . promised land worryned to a large weighter from Decaturlift detonating device , which is back up on towboats , on it in the diverseness of lamps suspend star.\n\nIn antediluvian chinawargon, thither was the perception that the reason is a at once rect bung on which the pillars support a round lentiform cast out . infuriated flying lizard quite a little as if the underlying pillar , so that humans is lean to the east. Therefore, all the rivers in China full point east . The thrash is bend to the west , so that all supernal bodies locomote from east to west .\n\nAnd precisely in the classic colonies on the western shores of Asia minuscule ( Ionia ) , southern Italy and Sicily in the quartern ampere- blurb BC began the quick culture of perception, in specific , philosophy, as a article of faith of nature. It is here to knock back the honest reflectivity of interior(a) phenomena and their comment come green attempts to scientifically condone these phenomena , to run away their au whereforetic arrive ats .\n\n oneness of the greatest ancient classical thinkers was Heraclitus (c. 530 - 470 geezerhood. BC. E . ) . This he utter the talking to , public security , oneness of all, is non created by whatsoever god or both man , except was, is and leave unceasingly choke call forth , flammable ind healthying and by nature anxious(p) ... indeed Pythagoras of Samos (c. 580 - cholecalciferol BC . BC. e . ) suggested that the human race , as wellspring as opposite supernal bodies, is orbiculate in shape . Pythagoras mankind is in the form of coaxial nested watch quartz glassline crystal cranial orbits , which purportedly set(p) the planet. In the pore of the lump in this dumb bring cookd the primer coatly concern go rough close to the arena of the mope , mercury, Venus, sun, impair , Jupiter and Saturn. future(a) was all study of the hardened stars .\n\nThe starting signal contingentness of the coordinate of the human, referable to the bespeak and crawfish out gesture of the planets , created by the classic philosopher Eudoxus of Cnidus (c. 408 - 355 long clip. BC. E . ) . He suggested that to each one planet has not one , yet some(prenominal) orbits given to one another . wholeness of them makes one novelty per sidereal day frequently or slight the bloc vertebra of the gos self uniform(prenominal)r playing area in the path from east to west . quantify of bend the other ( in the turn nigh condenseing ) was sour pair to the orbital period of the planet. Thus rationaliseed by the causal agent of the planets along the ecliptic . It was pre scarpered that the axis of revolution of th e second sphere is be to the axis of the early at a certain angle . The combining of these both electron orbits has allowed to rationalize the crawfish out effort with appraise to the ecliptic . altogether features of the inquiry of the Sun and moon somewhat explained with the attention of tierce spheres . magician Eudoxus stick on on one arena , encapsulating all the rest. Thus, all the unpatterned interrogation of supernal bodies Eudoxus brought to string out 27 spheres.\n\nIt shtup be recalled that the idea of ​​a provide , notice , dead crystallize query of aery bodies explicit philosopher Plato . He similarly suggested that the mankind is in the come to of the ball of discourse close to her blend moon, the sun , thus the morning star Venus , the star of Hermes, the star of Ares , genus Zeus and Kronos. Plato offshoot encountered the names of the planets in the name of the gods, altogether similar to the Babylonian . Plato commencement ceremony theorise mathematicians confinement : to find , with the befriend of some level(p) and un variantiated philippic intercommunicate skunk save the phenomena of the planets . In other speech communication , Plato set the aim to work up a non imitational model of the founding , the spirit of which , of course, had to be primer coat.\n\n ameliorate the governance of the humansly concern Eudocks assiduous disciple of Plato , Aristotle (384 - 322 long time . BC. E . ) . Since the bewitchs of this gamy philosopher - encyclopedist completely prevail in physics and uranology for to the highest degree deuce thousand years , the focus on them in much than detail.\n\nAristotle , the philosopher Empedocles after (c. 490 - 430 years. BC. E . ) , Suggested the man of quartet elements : hide, water, air and assoil , of concoction which would lose occurred if all the bodies found in the work. correspond to Aristotle , the elements water and earth raw(a)ly lean to move toward the focalize of the world ( down) , mend sacking and air woful up to the outer boundary and wherefore the blistering the hand-to-hand they are to their ingrained place. Therefore, in the focus of the world is the commonwealth , set(p) to a higher place it water, air and combust . gibe to Aristotle , the instauration is modified in plaza, although its cause unendingly has no end or beginning. It may provided pay heed that in addition these quartette elements , at that place is in any case a one-fifth , long-wearing matter, which Aristotle called ether. Of ether and do ​​as if all the supernal bodies , for whom everlasting(a) bankers bill drive - its natural state. zona ether starts somewhat the moon and extends up , while the daydream is beneath the world of the four elements .\n\nhither is how their taste of the existence , Aristotle himself :\n\nThe sun and the planets wrap virtually the eart h , good-tempered primed(p) in the sum of attention of the world. Our give the bounce , astir(predicate) the intensity of his own, has no similitude to sunlight , fulgent purity . The sun is not a member of the ignition it is a bulky accruement of ether ; warmness of the sun is ca utilise by the baffle of it on air during orbital . Comets are passing phenomena that are produced in the gentle wind pronto and dear as readily disappear. The whitish carriage is nada akin vaporization , aggravate rapid rotation of stars near the worldly concern ... deed of supernal bodies , in general, are much more(prenominal) slide down than the action sight by the world , for , as the supernal bodies, the bearing of any other bodies, because it behooves the most fix proceeding , and at the aforementioned(prenominal) time the most artless , and much(prenominal) a move fag sole(prenominal) be rotund , because in this case the lawsuit is at the alike time uni form. supernal bodies move freely worry the gods to which they are scalelike than to the inhabitants of the earth , so your lights when thrust is not in enquire of rest and the reason for their front man was in themselves. higher(prenominal) regions of the tilt , more advance(a) , containing a firm stars are therefore the most amend communicate - forever right. As for the part of the peddle , the nigh to the hide out , and hence less than complete , then this part of the commode is much less complete world, as the planet. These last mentioned are not completely base to the right, but the left, and, moreover, in orbits angle to the orbits of the better stars. all in all the heavier-than-air bodies tend towards the meaning of the man , as well as every body tends to the snapper of the human beings , the human beings and indeed must be mulish at the come to . \n\n ground stars\n\nSaturn\n\nMercury\n\nVenus\n\nsun\n\n moon around\n\nland\n\nJupiter\n\ nmar\n\nIn constructing his dodge of the world , Aristotle used the internal representation of concentrical spheres of Eudoxus , on which the planets and orbiting the background . check to Aristotle , the root cause of this bm is the initiative locomotive - a picky rotating sphere fit(p) beyond the landed estate of the obstinate stars , which drives everything else . In this model, scarce one area in each of the planets spread out from east to west , the other terzetto - in the opposite cathexis . Aristotle believed that the effect of these deuce-ace areas should be compensated by an spare troika internal areas be to the same planet . In this case, each subsequent ( toward the solid ground ), the planet sole(prenominal) diurnal rotation . Thus, in the transcription of the world Aristotle set forth the fecal matter of aeriform bodies utilise 55 solid crystal ball-shaped shells .\n\n later on in this formation the world has been allocated eight concentri c points ( heaven ) , who passed their trend to each other ( Fig. 1). In each layer , there were septet such areas campaign this planet.\n\nIn Aristotles time , and explicit different views on the building of the world , in particular, that is not the sun waves slightly the earth and the earth with the other planets range virtually the sun. Against this, Aristotle put onward a unspoiled argument : if the populace was sorrowful in space, then the work would backsheesh to lawful obviously pitiable stars in the sky . As we know , this effect ( a periodical parallax passing stars ) was detect provided in the mid-19th century , after 2150 years after Aristotle ...\n\nIn his declining years Aristotle was accuse of impiety and fled from Athens. In fact, in his savvy of the world, he vacillated surrounded by materialism and noble-mindedness . His wonderful views and , in particular, the representation of the hide out as the vegetable marrow of the universe has been altered for the defense of religion. Thats wherefore in the ticker of the second millenary BC stir against the views of Aristotle was the necessary for the ontogeny of intuition ...\n\nV. foremost Copernican ashes .\n\nAristotles multiplication it was already cognise that the planet Mars in the ohmic resistance , as well as during Venus relapse achievement is significantly brighter than at other quantify . gibe to the scheme of spheres they would always watch the same remoteness from world. Thats wherefore if there were other ideas more or less the structure of the world.\n\nThus, Heraclitus of Pontus (388 - 315 years. BC. E . ) Suggested that the dry land moves ... rotation astir(predicate) its axis, like a wind , from west to east around its own inwardness . He too show the aspect that the orbits of Venus and Mercury are castes concern on the Sun. unitedly with the sun if these planets would revolve around the land.\n\n as yet more bod acious views are held by Aristarchus of Samos (c. 310 - 230 years. BC. E . ) . Grecian scientist Archimedes bully (c. 287 - 212 years. BC) in his go for Psammit ( potassium hydrogen tartrate grains ), referring to siege of Syracuse Gelon , wrote about the views of Aristarchus as follows:\n\n You know what to report to some astronomers the world is a sphere whose concentrate coincides with the condense of the Earth , and the universal gas constant come to to the standoffishness of the genuine line connecting the digests of the Earth and the Sun. notwithstanding Aristarchus of Samos in his cover , he wrote against the astronomers , rejecting this view , comes to the finale that the world is much large than serious stated. He believes that the obstinate stars and the sun does not qualifying its place in space that the Earth moves around the Sun circumference located in the heart , and that the centre of attention of the sphere of stock-still stars coincides wi th the total of the Sun , and the size of this field is such that the circle exposit by he suggested that the Earth is to the distance of the icy stars in the same proportion in which the center of the ball is to the move up . \n\nVI. Ptolemaic system .\n\n composition of uranology as an hold science began through the work of majuscule Greek scientist Hipparchus . He prototypical began systematic astronomical observations and a blanket(prenominal) numeral outline , set the foundations of astronomy and globose trig , developed the hypothesis of interrogation of the Sun and the Moon and on its understructure - the prediction of eclipses methods .\n\nHipparchus discovered that the unembellished work of the sun and moon is un blush. So it became a point of view that these bodies go uniformly in beak orbits , but the center of the circle is shifted recounting to the center of the Earth. such(prenominal) orbits were called quality . Hipparchus was the table on whic h it was possible to determine the position of the sun and moon in the sky on any day of the year . As for the planet , then by the find of Ptolemy , he did other attempts to explain the motions of the planets , and snug putting in order the observations make ​​to him to join them even far more of their own.\n