How to do Close Reading and Improve Your Writing

Close reading is a term used to describe how you ought to be using your sources. The most important element of close reading is questioning; it is imperative that you actively engage the text in order to develop your own ideas to use as arguments.If at all possible, make your close reading your second reading of the source. If youve read it once already, you will have a basic understanding of the text, and you can focus on a more intensive questioning.Use highlighters   Take note of any and all points of interest in the text. If youve got a thesis in mind already, use several different colors of highlighter, each for information relevant to a separate prong of your argument. This will make your life much easier when you go back to integrate your sources, particularly if youve got an extensive amount of text to cover.Look for patterns   Be aware of recurring techniques-both literary and rhetorical-which the author uses to illustrate a concept. Specific sorts of imagery, allusion, or dialogue, which seem to be similar or related inevitably, reveal a larger intention that can be made into an argument.Ask questions   In expository work, continually ask yourself  Is this true? What evidence supports this statement? Can other conclusions be drawn from the facts of this text?  By deciding whether or not you agree with the arguments of your source, youll begin to crystallize more subtle arguments of your own. In literature, question the authors purpose in using particular narrative structures.  Why is this metaphor used? What does the comparison signify? Why do we learn this particular piece of information in such a manner? Why is the setting dwelled on so much in this passage? What is the relationship between setting and character?  Write these questions in the margins as you go along.Get down to the details   One of the most sophisticated close reading techniques you can incorporate into your work is an analysis of the multiple connotations of a speci fic word. Be aware of every single word the author uses. When you find one of particular interest, literally look it up in the dictionary and consider how each and every definition might be applied to the text. Even if the author uses it with one literal definition in mind, see if the connotations of the other definitions can be applied to your idea  (This is particularly true of Shakespeare).Consider the source in relation to other texts   If something in the work reminds you of something else youve read, theres quite possibly a good reason why. Consider how your source is a response to or a continuation of other texts. Always be on the look out for Christ symbolism and Greek mythological allusions; both are fairly easy to spot and can be effectively analyzed in support of a particular interpretation.